The Nature Of The Embryonic Stem Cell Research - 966 Words

Introduction Human embryo’s and stem cell research has always been a controversial issue throughout society. Some believe that stem cell research promises future cures for many incurable diseases, whereas others believe that it is immortal to produce human embryo’s that are ultimately going to be thrown away and used as biological material. The nature of the embryonic stem cell debate is whether or not humanity should proceed with destroying human embryos for reasons such as learning about human development, discovering medical treatments, and testing drugs for pharmaceutical companies. Embryonic stem cell research poses two moral problems including the duty to prevent or eliminate suffering, and the duty to respect the value of human life. This essay will show the Natural Law’s views on this topic as well as the opposing views of Utilitarianism. Natural Law Body 1 The most significant argument against embryo research is that an embryo should be treated as a human being, which would make embryo research equivalent to murder. According to Leis (2010), â€Å"The use of human embryos or fetuses as an object of experimentation constitutes a crime against their dignity as human beings who have a right to the same respect owed to a child once born, just as to every person† (p. 111). This means that we should not be creating a human life with the intention of destroying it. According to the Natural Law, the body of a human being from the very first stage of its existence can neverShow MoreRelatedStem Cells: Characterization and Biomedical Importance Essay example854 Words   |  4 PagesOver the past decade, stem cell biology has been an area that has caused much controversy. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into many different types of cells and therefore, advocates of stem cell research argue that the cells ha ve various medical applications. On the other hand, opponents of stem cell research denounce the use of human embryos for research purposes, claiming that the embryos represent human lives and that experimentation with them and subsequent annihilation of themRead MoreThe Benefits Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1184 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Embryonic stem cell research will prolong life, improve life and give hope for life to millions of people.† This quote by Jim Ramstad is about the benefits of Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Stem cells give us many opportunities to find the mechanisms that help regulate embryonic development, organ maintenance, and cellular differentiation. (Ramalho-Santos and Willenbring 35-38). Embryonic stem cell research has been around for many years. It has proven to be very beneficial to the medical world,Read MoreThe Debate Concerning Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesof embryonic stem cell research. The embryonic stem ce ll debate has polarized the country into those who argue that such research holds promises of ending a great deal of human suffering and others who condemn such research as involving the abortion of a potential human life. If any answer to the ethical debate surrounding this particular aspect of stem cell research exists, it is a hazy one at best. The question facing many scientists and policymakers involved in embryonic stem cell research isRead MoreStem Cells And Stem Cell Research1477 Words   |  6 Pagessociety is that of stem cells. Stem cells are the cells in the early human developmental stage that form to be any type of cell. Not only do these cells have the ability to transform, but they also act as the body’s repair system. With this knowledge, the scientific community has used these traits to help cure diseases and even save lives. However, there is a problem using stem cells for research. There are two kinds of stem cells that exist, Somatic stem cells and embryonic stem cells. The firstRead MoreStem Cell Research Debate1119 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Stem Cell Research Debate There are only a small number of issues that are controversial as far as the public, the government and scientists are concerned. The father of all issues, however, is the debate that revolves around the ethics of stem cell research. Stem cells can be defined as those cells in an embryo that essentially give rise to the entire organism (Capra, 1999). In the contemporary world of today, the issue of embryonic stem cell research is one of this controversial significantRead MoreStem Cells a.k.a. Mother Cells have the Ability to Replenish Tissue and Regenerate Organs841 Words   |  3 PagesStem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the capacity and potential to develop into specialized-functioning cells. They are known as the â€Å"mother cells,† due to their ability to replenish tissue and regenerate organs. The two types of stem cells are embryonic and somatic (adult) cells. Embryonic stems cells (ESCs) have not been differentiated, whereas somatic adult cells (ASCs) have. In other words, embryonic stem cells can be coded to become any specific cell required by the body. Adult stemRead More Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesEmbryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research With the advent of a wide variety of scientific advances in the medical field, especially those improvements in health-related fields, the quality of life for the earth’s inhabitants has improved greatly over the past century. Scientists continue to improve upon current knowledge and expand the field of medicine. Over the past few years, scientists have performed significant research pertaining to the study of stem cells. Many researchers see potentialRead MoreEssay about Pros and Cons of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1261 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst Embryonic Stem Cell research mainly because they consider it unethical to use aborted fetuses for research. The two main issues concerning the research are the ethics (Cons) and the benefits (Pros). In any scientific case, ethics must always be considered. But the use of fetuses is something that is of the utmost importance. The costs are generally measured based off of people’s feelings, morals, and knowledge about the sub ject up for debate. The use of aborted fetuses for stem cell researchRead MoreEssay Problems with Embryonic Stem-Cell Research1416 Words   |  6 PagesRecently in the scientific world, the field of embryonic stem cell research has become a popular topic and has been the subject for many heated debates. Experts in the field of stem cell research promise that this will be the future of medicine; that stem cells will be the cure to all the debilitating diseases and afflictions of today, such as Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, cancer and nerve damage. The truth about embryonic stem cell research is that it is not as hopeful and as revolutionaryRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pages Stem Cell Research James A Merritt PIMA Medical institute Embryonic stem cell research is a controversial topic. In the religious aspect its man trying to play the authority of GOD on whether people should live, die or suffer from ailments and injuries. On a scientific and medical aspect it is compassionate people looking

The Positive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange - 1643 Words

The term â€Å"Columbian Exchange† refers to the massive transfer of life between the Afro-Eurasian and American hemispheres that was precipitated by Columbus’ voyage to the New World . It was known as the widespread interchange of plants, animals, diseases, culture, human populations and technology between Europe and the Americas. After Columbus’ arrival to the Americas, the plant, animal and bacterial life began to mix between the Americas, which was also referred to as the â€Å"New World† and Europe, which was also referred to as the â€Å"Old World†. But how did the Columbian Exchange influence the Americas? The Columbian exchange had a huge effect, biologically, culturally, and demographically. While the Columbian exchange had its positive†¦show more content†¦As a result, the Americans and their possibly their descendants, enjoyed freedom from most of the infectious diseases that plagued populations. Surprisingly people who resided in Africa and Eurasia were not susceptible to these diseases because they had lived among those populations. However, the same cannot be said for the Native Americans. They had no such immunities. Adults and children alike were afflicted by wave after wave of viruses, which produced a drastic decrease in population. Looking at history, we always wonder how a population dies out or how an entire civilization goes missing. And it’s because of the viruses that the Europeans brought over. For example, let’s take a look at the Aztec civilization in South America. Historians state that no one knows what happened to the Aztecs. History states that the Spanish ventured to South America in search of gold. The Spanish could have been carrying diseases such as malaria or small pox that could have wiped out the entire civilization. Another example that history teaches us is the story of Pocahontas. History also states that Pocahontas died of small pox. And where did small pox originate? Europe. So it’s no surprise that the Native American tribes came close to being wiped out by the Europeans. The beginning of demographicShow MoreRelatedPositive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange703 Words   |  3 Pagesthe time period known as the Columbian Exchange. Most of what the Europeans took from the Exchange was good, but some of what they brought was devastating to the people in the New World. Although, this time period was very brutal for the Native Americans, the Columbian Exchange resulted in the transmitting of new technologies, an increase in remedies and cures for diseases, and a growth in resources such as food that helped to improve life. During the Columbian Exchange there were civilizations thatRead MoreThe Positive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, human populations, diseases, cultures, and ideas throughout the world. The new worlds that had been discovered were a part of this Columbian Exchange, and were exposed to many new and foreign goods as well as people. The Americas, or New World, were faced with harsh treatment from Columbus and his crew, along with the rampant spread of new diseases that took a large toll on the Native populations. The Indies were alsoRead MorePositive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange837 Words   |  4 PagesThe Columbian Exchange had many effects on the world we know and live in today. There are many views on whether these effects were a positive or negative impact on us. The exchange brought diseases and slavery, but it also brought new technologies and culture. Throughout history there have been conquerors and conquered, the Americas are no different. Though the impact on the natives was unpleasant, I believe the Columbian Exchange was a positive event for the New World because it brought technologicalRead MoreEssay on Positive and Negative Effects of the Columbian Exchange788 Words   |  4 Pagesdiseases to both hemispheres, a loss of preservation of native American culture in the New World, and the unhealthy effect of tobacco in the Old World, it made an overall positive impact in lasting terms by the introduction of religion and horses and cattle in the New World and the new agriculture advancements and alpacas. The Eastern-Western hemisphere encounter was obviously positive in the Western hemisphere because of the fact that most of us here would have never been born, but the introductionRead MoreThe Cultural Impacts Of The Columbian Exchange775 Words   |  4 PagesThe Columbian Exchange By definition, the Columbian Exchange is described as the transatlantic flow of goods, people, and diseases, beginning with Christopher Columbus’s voyages and discovery of the New World in 1492. (Give Me Liberty!) This interpretation, however, does not give this event the acknowledgement it deserves, as the effects of this complex transaction made a significant impact of the modern history of the world. It completely shaped the world humans live in today, from the languagesRead MoreWhat Was The Columbian Exchange? Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesresult of this was The Columbian Exchange in which there was a large trade of animals, plants, technology, culture, slaves, diseases, and even new religions. This exchange effected the way Europeans, Americans, Asians, and Africans lived their daily lives. The Columbian exchange was by far one of the most paramount events in the history of world technology, agriculture, culture, and ecology. In this research paper the following will b e answered: What is the Columbian Exchange? Plants and animals transportedRead Morecolumbian exchange817 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ The Columbian Exchange The Columbian exchange created an enormous interchange of various political ideas, cultures, foods, diseases, animals, and people between the old world and the new world, this give and take relationship caused many changes some positive and some negative between the two areas and help redistribute resources between the two hemispheres. There were many positive things that happened as a result of the Columbian exchange. Potatoes and corn became major food sources forRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Columbian Exchange1498 Words   |  6 Pagesin starting the Columbian exchange. The Columbian exchange was the process of the New World and the Old World transferring ideas, plants, animals, culture, human populations, and manufactured goods across the Atlantic Ocean throughout the 15th and the 16th century. Even though there were many positive results out of the exchange including the finding of the Americas, new plant and animal species, and the Europeans gaining more land to grow their Old-World crops, the overall effects were negative.Read MoreColumbian Exchange Dbq889 Words   |  4 PagesColumbian Exchange BBQ The Columbian Exchange was a major milestone in the diffusion of the New and Old World. In 1492, Columbus arrived in the Bahamas(2), where he first came in contact with Native Americans. There, both exchanged their cultures such as crops, animals, metals, and germs, hence the name, Colombian Exchange. This has brought about both positive and negative effects. While some negative impacts are exemplified by the near-genocide of Amerindians, the demerits are outweighed by theRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus s Discoveries1247 Words   |  5 Pages Positive Impact of Christopher Columbus’s Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuries

Lord Of Flies By William Golding Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Imagine that you are in charge of puting up a civilisation. What would be the first thing that you did? Many people might take to put up a system of regulations and ordinances to better command the manner the civilisation acted and regulated it. After all, a civilisation can non turn and thrive without regulations. The civilisation would decease because no nutrient would be gathered and no 1 would work for anything. In Lord of the Flies, William Golding had the male childs do precisely this. To typify the regulations and ordinances in the male childs? new society Golding picked a symbol of the conch. By making this he assigned the conch the duty of stand foring the regulations and order in the male childs island life. The conch symbolized the rise and autumn of order and regulations in a civilisation. When the United States of America were created, one of the first things that the establishing male parents did was to compose the Constitution. Every citizen of the USA, so and now, respects the regulations and ordinances outlined by this papers. This is one of the chief grounds why our state is so successful, because no 1 disrespects and inquiries the footing of our society, the Constitution ( regulations and order ) . In Iraq, nevertheless, there is a wholly different state of affairs. There, they have a leader ( Saddam Hussein ) who misuses the regulations. He disrespects the regulations and order of Iraq and uses them for his ain propaganda. When people of a state, particularly the leader of a state, discourtesy and misapply the regulations, it can hold an inauspicious consequence on the well being of that state. The worst thing that can go on for jurisprudence and order in a society is when people wholly disrespect them. This is similar to when Pinochet overthrew the Chilean authorities. He banned any opposing positions and besides restricted the freedom of the imperativeness. A period of anarchy ensued and common indi vidual in Chile was really severely hurt. In Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses the conch as an fable to jurisprudence and order in a society. Once people stopped esteeming the power of the conch, the male childs? civilisation was destroyed. Law and order in a society depend on the citizens of that society? s regard for the regulations. When the male childs reached the island, the conch helped to organize the regulations of a society and the assemblies helped to acquire the civilisation started the right manner. The conch gave Ralph the power to name an assembly. Whenever he felt a demand to turn to the regulations of the society or to contemn the male childs for the deficiency of work moral principle he called an assembly to convey all of the male childs together. At the assembly, merely the one keeping the conch is allowed to talk. ? That? s what the shell? s called. I? ll give the conch to the following individual to talk. He can keep it when he? s speaking. ? ( 33 ) This is an tremendous privilege because it allows the holder of the conch to portion his thoughts to the remainder of the group. This is the avenue that Ralph takes to portion his thoughts of the deliverance fire, and besides gives Jack the duty to take the huntsmans ; giving him satisfaction is his power and besides maintaining him happy. This is th e lone manner a individual can derive power and the male childs know and respect that fact. When Ralph is elected, it is because non merely did he name the assembly, but he was besides keeping the conch at the clip of the election. ? Yet most strongly was the conch. ? ( 22 ) The male childs respect the conch. Just the idea of the aura of the conch demanded a monolithic sum of regard, merely like the regulations in a society. ? Ralph smiled and held up the conch for silence. ? ( 23 ) Everything is traveling wondrous for the male childs at this point in the narrative. They have a strong leader, nutrient, fire and strong set of regulations that everyone respects. When all the citizens stay in line the society of which those citizens belong can turn and thrive. When Jack does non listen to the conch, he is disrespecting the regulations and ordinances of the society. By making so, he is seeking to demo that the? Ralph manner? is the incorrect manner of carry oning the island and that his manner is better and, without cognizing it, brings about a downward spiral of jurisprudence and order. ? Conch! Conch! We wear? Ts need the conch any more. We know who ought to state things. What good did Simon make speech production, or Bill or Walter? It? s clip some people knew they? ve got to maintain quiet and leave make up ones minding T hings to the remainder of us. ( 101-2 ) ? He begins a rebellion against the regulations and order of a society. He besides tries to restrict the power of other people besides the leaders. When you take the power of speech production, or the voice, off from the common individual than you become less of a democracy and more of a absolutism. Jack is disrespecting the regulations, which clearly province that merely the individual that has the conch may talk. In a democratic society, there are two ways to derive power over the people ; taking it violently or holding the citizens wilfully give it up. Once the old regulations seem less of import, Jack is more likely to win in making this. The weaker aura and power of the regulations that came with Jack? s mini-revolt laid done the foundation for a all-out power battle that hurt the male childs? society. The society of the male childs can non thrive with the great split between Jack and Ralph. The aura of the conch is gone and there is reall y small to keep the male childs back from lawlessness. When a society no longer respects the regulations and ordinances of a society, there is no manner that it can last. Jack besides used the conch, or the regulations, to his ain propaganda ideals. Jack took advantage of the conch to advance himself and take power off from Ralph. ? And the following thing is that Ralph said my huntsmans are no good. ? ( 126 ) He is seeking to acquire a major portion of the group, the huntsmans, to believe that Ralph, as the leader, does non esteem them and their part to the society. Once Jack misuses the conch, it looses some of the prestigiousness. If everyone can name an assembly, than why would the male childs respect Ralph, who antecedently was the lone individual with the power to make this. The conch is fring power among the male childs merely as the regulations would free power one time such a great split is developed between powerful people. When this happens, people don? T know whom to tur n to. Without the regulations and order to steer them, the male childs are lost on the island. Because of Jack? s gross discrediting of the regulations, the male childs? island society can neer once more reach the highs it did during the period of clip where the regulations meant something. Piggy? s decease is really symbolic because it represents the devastation of the conch and the terminal to all of the regulations and ordinances in the male child? s society. Roger kills Piggy really brutally, which goes against about any set of regulations of all time made. He throws a bowlder at him. This barbarous decease is besides the decease of the conch shell and typify how Roger, Jack and the remainder of the huntsmans hold an unbelievable neglect for the regulations and order of Ralph? s society. ? The conch exploded into a 1000 white fragments and ceased to exist. ? ( 181 ) Not merely where the regulations, or the conch, destroyed, but they? ceased to exist. ? Once the conch is destroyed, Jack? s kin has complete control. In the existent universe, when lawlessness reigns the military is normally who takes over. Once it does so, it has complete control over the people and can pull strings them to its advantage. There is besides cipher to maintain them in line. William Goldin g portrays this new anarchic society best when he talks about the male child being tortured. ? He didn? Ts say ( why ) . He got angry and made us bind Wilford up. ? ( 159 ) Now that there are no regulations, Jack takes full advantage of the state of affairs and dainties people the manner he wanted to from the beginning. Once the conch is destroyed, the regulations? cease to be, ? when this happens the small people, such as Wilford are hurt and the civilisation can non perchance win. The rise and autumn of the conch symbolized the rise and autumn of a system of regulations, ordinances and order in a society and besides was an fable for many historical events. Whether the conch was stand foring the authorship of the fundamental law, or the beginnings of a successful society ; Saddam Hussein? s selfish usage of propaganda ; or a military putsch and province of lawlessness that followed in Chile, it provided a parallel universe demoing how of import the regulations and ordinances are to a successful society. In each state of affairs there is a direct correlativity between the sum the citizens respected the regulations and how successful the state was. The Lord of the Flies shows how of import the peoples? regard for the regulations is. Without it, no society can thrive because jurisprudence and order depend on regard for the regulations.

Paediatric Nursing Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Paediatric Nursing. Answer: Assessment findings and Pathophysiology: Heart rate in 2 year children should be between 98 140 beats per minute. However, in case of Molly recorded heart rate is 155 beats per minute. Abnormal condition like thready pulse is observed in Molly. Thready pulse indicates rapid pulse rate which can be rarely detected. Thready pulse gives feeling of fine mobile thread beneath the palpating finger. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure should be between 86 - 106 mmHg and 42 63 mmHg respectively in the children of Mollys age. However, recorded blood pressure in Molly is 80/42 mmHg. It indicates, hypotension if Molly (Leon et al., 2011). Respiratory rate should be between 22- 37 breaths per minute in children below 2 years. In case of Molly, observed breathing rate is 30 breaths per minute. It indicates normal breathing rate in Molly. Normal body temperature should be between 36.1 to 37.9?C in 2 years children. However, recorded body temperature for Molly is 38.1 ?C which indicates hyperthermia in Molly. Normal capillary refill time should be between 2 3 seconds, however measured capillary refill time in Molly is 4 seconds. This prolonged capillary refill time in Molly indicates possibility of peripheral artery disease (Kliegman, 2015). Gastroenteritis mainly occurs due to infection of the small or large bowel and vomiting and diarrhea are the prominent indications of the gastroenteritis. Optimum fluid balance in the humans is depended on the release and reabsorption of the consumed fluids and electrolytes in the gastrointestinal tract. When intestinal fluid output overcomes the absorption capability of the intestine, there can be occurrence of diarrhea. In case of Molly also watery stool is observed with some amount of mucous, without blood. Molly is having 6 incidences of water stool in the past 24 hours and vomiting also. She is also refusing intake of solid fluid. This may occur due to the malabsorption of the food in the gastrointestinal tract. In gastroenteritis, malabsorption of intestinal contents mainly occurs due to the damage of the villous brush border of the intestine. This malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to the osmotic diarrhea (Graves, 2013). Released toxins in the in intestine bind to certain electrolyte receptors which results in the release of chloride ions in the intestine and consequently secretary or watery diarrhea occurs. Watery diarrhea leads to dehydration in Molly. This dehydration is indicated by prolonged duration of capillary refill time. In children, diarrhea also can lead to the abnormal lung functioning and breathing impairement. However, in case of Molly this condition is not evident. Diarrhea can also lead to the decreased activity in children and Molly also exhibiting lethargic symptom due to dehydration. Infection in the gastroenteritis patients can lead to the occurrence of fever and Molly also exhibiting increased temperature (Noguera et al., 2014). Measurement of vital signs like temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate are indicators for the assessing degree of dehydration in children. In Molly, dehydration alters her temperature, heart rate and blood pressure, however her brea thing rate is normal. Due to dehydration, there can be insufficient amount of fluid in the blood and this deficiency of fluid can be sensed by brain. As a result heart tries to pump more amount of blood. This leads to the increase in the heart rate in children with dehydration. This increase in the heart rate is termed as tachycardia. Less amount of fluid in the capillaries as result of dehydration also results in the decreased pressure against blood vessel walls. In Molly also decreased blood pressure is observed. Blood vessels initiate compensatory mechanisms to raise blood pressure and heart beats at faster rate. This compensatory mechanism leads to the reduced supply of blood to the body tissue. This leads to the less metabolic activity in the tissue which results in the fatigue and lethargy. Molly also exhibiting lethargy (Tam et al., 2014). Fluid and electrolyte management in Molly: Fluid and electrolyte management should be done very carefully in Molly because along with diarrhea, she is also suffering through vomiting. Hence, oral administration of the fluids would be difficult in her. She should be allowed to sip small quantity of water, carbohydrate and electrolyte drinks, sports drinks and readymade rehydration solutions. She should be allowed to suck ice lollies and ice chips. Fever is also evident in Molly. Hence more precautions should be taken because increase in body temperature can exaggerate dehydration. She should avoid heat exposure and should be cooled down. Hence, sweating would be prevented as it would be helpful in avoiding further loss in electrolytes. In diarrhea, there would be blockage of electrolyte receptors, however sodium receptors remain intact in diarrhea. Hence, sodium and water reabsoprtion can be efficient in Molly. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing 1:1 proportion of sodium to glucose should be administered in Molly. ORS c an increase sodium reabsorption through sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT-1) and consequently passive reabsorption of water. Rice and cereal-based ORS can also be useful in Molly as these works through sodium-amino acid transporters and increase reabsorption of fluid and electrolytes (Pelc et al., 2014). Maintenance fluid should be administered in Molly to avoid ongoing losses of the electrolytes. Volume of maintenance fluid like ORS can be decided based on the Holliday-Seger method. According to this method volume of ORS can be administered both on hour and per kg body weight basis. After the administration of the maintenance fluid, Molly should be administered with the deficit fluids. These deficit fluids should be administered to make up the loss occurred prior to initiation of the treatment. Volume of deficit fluid should be administered by calculating degree of dehydration. Degree of dehydration can be calculated by measuring reduced body weight. 1 kg reduction in body weight is generally considered as 1L fluid loss. Accordingly, deficit fluid should be administered in Molly. Milk, juice, soda, tea, and sports beverage should not be administered as the deficit fluids because these fluids dosent contain sufficient amount of electrolytes. Commercially available fluids like ORS can be used as deficit fluids in Molly. Molly is refusing to take food and fluid, hence family members should assist and encourage her to take it. Due to dehydration, Molly might be weak and unable to take food and fluid independently. Fluids should be administered to Molly, which she is interested to take because due to vomiting she might lost sense of taste. In this case, she would prefer to take fluids which she likes. Molly should be promoted to maintain oral hygiene because due to dehydration there might be sticky and dry mouth. This can lead to discomfort in taking fluids. Molly should be administered with IV saline because IV fluid would be helpful in avoiding hypovolemic shock in Molly (Freedman et al., 2014). There are more chances of electrolyte loss through diarrhea and it can be prevented by administering anti-diarrheal drugs. Molly is suffering through fever and antipyretic drugs should be administered to her. Antipyretic drugs can be helpful in reducing fluid loss by decreasing temperature and consequent fluid losses due to diaphoresis. Fluids should be administered to Molly in advance, even if fluid loss is stopped. This continuous administration of fluid can be useful in improving interest of taking food. Nurse should monitor for the signs and symptoms like mucosal dryness and urinary concentration which are related to the fluid and electrolyte balance. Nurse should monitor for the change in body weight because it is estimated that approximately 1 litre fluid loss can occur with 1 kg loss in body weight. Nurse should monitor intake and output in Molly. This early identification of the imbalance in fluid and electrolyte balance would be helpful in taking timely corrective measures. Ongoing fluid loss should be maintained with administering 10 ml/kg body weight ORS for every loose stool and 2 ml/kg body weight ORS for each episode of vomiting. Fluid deficit in Molly can be prevented in Molly by administering 50 100 ml/kg ORS after 2 4 hours (Simpson and Teach, 2011). Nutritional requirements: Normal amount of food should be administered to child with gastroenteritis as it would be helpful in maintaining lining of the intestine and help to recover fast. Avoiding food intake can prolong diarrhea in Molly and also impairs electrolyte balance. Molly should be administered with small amount of food in the initial period and it should be increased gradually based on the appetite and improvement in the condition. Molly should be always kept on rehydration by allowing her to drink more water or rehydration solution. Molly should be administered with approximately 500 mL/day. Molly should be allowed to drink cordial fluid, soup, fruit juice and fizzy drinks. Molly should be administered with electrolyte solutions such as Gastrolyte or Pedialyte. Molly should be administered with starchy simple foods like bread or toast, porridge, rice, potatoes, plain biscuits, yoghurt, and milk pudding. In the studies, it is evident that administration of half-strength apple juice followed by jui ce of childrens choice is helpful in preventing failure of treatment. This formula should be used in Molly because it is validated in clinical studies. This formula proved more useful as compared to the ORS (Freedman et al., 2016). Molly should be administered with polymer based ORS. This polymer based ORS is prepared by using rice, wheat, and maize. This polymer based ORS would be useful in reducing number of stools and duration of diarrhea in comparison to the glucose-based ORS. These polymers based ORS facilitate slow digestion of glucose in the intestine and this release of glucose aid uptake of sodium. Molly should return to normal diet as early as possible. Administration of fluid in the initial phase is useful in reducing illness and improving nutritional outcome in Molly. Foods with high content of fats and simple sugars should be avoided in Molly. BRAT diet comprising of bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast should be administered to Molly. This diet is helpful in making stool firmer due to its binding properties and it replaces nutrients lost due to diarrhea and vomiting. BRAT diet doesnt produce any irritation to stomach and it would be helpful in returning to normal diet in Molly. Solid food should b e avoided in Molly until and unless vomiting continues in her. BRAT doesnt have all the nutritional requirements, hence Molly should be returned to normal fruits, vegetable and diet within 24 hours of vomiting and diarrhea (More, 2013; Carroll, 2016). Nursing considerations: Nurse should monitor vital signs, elastic turgor, mucous membrane of lips and consistency and frequency of bowel movements. Nurse should also monitor signs like change in body weight, urinary concentration and amount of fluid intake and output. Molly should be advised to maintain hand hygiene while taking food and she should be in the bed most of the time. Molly should change sitting and sleeping position every 2 3 hours. Nurse should assess abdominal pain, hyperactive bowel sounds and frequency and urgency bowel empting because Molly may not be able to verbalize it properly due to her age. Molly should maintain perianal hygiene after each bowel movement. Molly should be isolated from other children until diarrhea and vomiting persists. Children of Mollys age can be affected significantly due to small change in the body fluid. Hence, nurse should maintain adequate rehydration in Molly to prevent dehydration. There may be development of activity intolerance in Molly due to dehydratio n, however childrens of her age prefer to play with their peers. Hence, nurse should try to stop her from playing until good recovery from dehydration (Glasper et al., 2015; Hockenberry and Wilson, 2014). References: Carroll, W. (2016). Gastroenterology Nutrition: Prepare for the MRCPCH. Elsevier Health Sciences. Freedman, S.B., Willan, A.R., Boutis, K., and Schuh, S. (2016). Effect of Dilute Apple Juice and Preferred Fluids vs Electrolyte Maintenance Solution on Treatment Failure Among Children With Mild Gastroenteritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 315(18), 1966-74. Freedman, S.B., DeGroot, J.M., and Parkin, P.C. (2014). Successful discharge of children with gastroenteritis requiring intravenous rehydration. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 46(1), 9-20. Glasper, E. A., McEwing, G., Richardson, J. (2015). Oxford Handbook of Children's and Young People's Nursing. Oxford University Press. Graves, N.S. (2013). Acute gastroenteritis. Primary Care, 40(3), 727-41. Hockenberry, M. J., and Wilson, D. (2014). Wong'sNursing Care of Infants and Children. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kliegman, R.M.. (2015). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier. Leon, C., Samson, R. A., Schexnayder, S. M., and Hazinski, M. F. (2011). Pediatric Advanced Life Support Provider Manual: Professional Edition. United States of America: American Heart Association. More, J. (2013). Infant, Child and Adolescent Nutrition: A Practical Handbook. CRC Press. Noguera, T., Wotring, R., Melville, C.R, Hargraves, K., Kumm, J., and Morton, J.M. (2014). Resolution of acute gastroenteritis symptoms in children and adults treated with a novel polyphenol-based prebiotic. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 20(34), 12301-7. Pelc, R., Redant, S., Julliand, S., Llor, J., Lorrot, M., et al. (2014). Pediatric gastroenteritis in the emergency department: practice evaluation in Belgium, France, The Netherlands and Switzerland. BMC Pediatrics, 14, 125. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-125. Simpson, J.N., and Teach, S.J. (2011). Pediatric rapid fluid resuscitation. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 23(3), 286-92. Tam, R.K., Wong, H., Plint, A., Lepage, N., and Filler G. (2014). Comparison of clinical and biochemical markers of dehydration with the clinical dehydration scale in children: a case comparison trial. BMC Pediatrics, 14, 149. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-149.

Tony Blair - UK Prime Minister Addresses UK after Initial U.S. Ops inAfghanistan free essay sample

Car Eu Essays

Car Eu Essays Car Eu Paper Car Eu Paper The single European act became law among member states of E Goal: To remove barriers to cross border trade Investment within confines of E Benefits: Increased competition corresponding reduction In prices Jan 1, 1999: SUE member states adopted Euro as common currency Benefits: Would make it easy for the European consumers to compare prices across nations leading to harmonistic of prices within Euro Zone Reason for Persistence of price differentials within EX. Since 1985: Block Exemption Clause: Regulations that allowed car manufacturers to restrict competition between car dealers. (Automakers dictated where a dealership could be located, to limit the number of brands that a dealer could sell prohibit dealer from selling vehicles outside home country) Block exemption clause was scrapped in 2002: European Commission Issued new set of regulations that encouraged competition within EX. market (came Into full effect In 2005) What are the sources of significant price differentials in the EX. automobile market? Resource of price differentials: block exemption clause. Due to this, the car dealers were restricted to carry a free and competitive business among them. This control on the dealers segmented the market through controlled competition which resulted In such a difference In prices of same cars within the European market. Transportation cost 2. Reasons behind the UK market being one of the most expensive car markets: Block exemption clause in EX. competition policy: Tight control and lack of competition among the dealers which will make their operation inefficient and costly. High costs of doing business in I-J. The purchasing power of the customers in UK might be higher than most other European countries. 4. What do you think will happen to the price differentials in the EX. automobile market under the new regulations set to take effect in September 2005? After the implementation of new regulations: Restriction by the companies on the lealer will be removed, thus enabling free competition and efficiency. The degree of price differentials will decrease in the European market. 5. What will be the impact of these new regulations on a) competitive intensity in the EX. automobile market b) Profitability of automobile operations in the ELI? 0 a. The new regulations shall increase the competition in the automobile market by remov ing control of the companies over the dealers. Due to the increased competition, their will be more value to the customers. The profitability of the automobile operations would depend on the ability to reduce production cost, innovate and reach scale of economies. If these parameters are achieved profitability would increase. B. 6. Which automobile companies will do best in the post-2005 environment ? 0 Post 2005, due to impact of new regulations, there shall be increase in the competition in the automobile market. Companies that would innovate, provide automobiles to the customers at competitive price, superior operation efficiency I. E achieve scale economies at the earliest would do best.

Nursing Research Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Research - Article Example There are a number of studies that have been used in the analysis of comfort care in various nursing homes. The author begins by stating that various nursing homes are the source for care amongst various old people in the society. The paper presents an orderly and informed review of the existing literature and theory that gives the basis of the study. The paper is a descriptive and exploratory study that involves different qualitative methods and the semi-structured in-depth interviews with the staff members of a single nursing home. The open ended questions are good given that it gives the respondents an opportunity to explain their ideas. The only weakness at the point is the failure to include other organizations. The structured open ended questions were used in the collection of data. Questions in education, professional experience and intervals were the topical basis by which the respondents provide the end of life care. One of the main strength of the study was that it was audiotape recorded and therefore can be easily traced and tracked. The application of the grounded theory provided a further analysis of the study. The involvement of forty two staff members is a good representation of the entire population. The inclusion of the nurses, administrators and certified nursing assistants, housekeepers and social workers represents various groups of people that are directly impacted by the study. The paper prepared reasonable documents that requested for the respondents acceptance during the study. The entire reason for the study was explained to the respondents. There ethical documents were also prepared and approved before the real study was conducted. The author presents a clear understanding of the concept. The paper shows interlink of the existing literature review and the results. The study also is also precise with regards to the analysis of the data collected from the respondents. With the constant increase in the number of

Hilton Hotel Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hilton Hotel Corporation - Case Study Example (Maxwell et al, 2004: p. 168). Hilton International is spread over four global regions including: UK and Ireland; Africa and the Middle East, Europe, Asia Pacific; and the Americas. According to Maxwell and Lyle (2002: p. 251), the strategic objectives central to the business plan include: The above objectives are drilled down to tactical actions on delivery, which in turn demand good people practices in recruitment and assessment, reward and remuneration, career tracking, and discipline and competencies in the Human Resource function. (Maxwell and Lyle, 2002: p. 251). The main objective for the existence of any business like the Hilton Group is to generate superior shareholder value. It was at first believed that the business should do everything possible to satisfy the shareholders and no body else since shareholders are the ones who take maximum business and financial risk by contributing capital to the business. While we agree with this central idea, it must also be noted that the success of every business is dependent on how the business satisfies its customers. The satisfaction of the customer and the shareholder appears to be in conflict but it turns out that shareholder value can only be created if customers are satisfied. Satisfying customers means providing them with the right goods and services at the right prices at the right time and at the right place. Therefore to satisfy the shareholders, the business must begin by satisfying customers. Put in other words, shareholder value can only be created through the creation of customer value . Stemming from a decreasing number of customers, and considering the current competitive marketplace, hotel companies now find it necessary to win the loyalty of the limited number of customers. (Gilbert et al, 1999: p. 25). Following from this we would try to examine how Hilton Hotel International attempts to increase its market share in the existing market given that the customers are limited in number and that their demands are continually changing. The Hilton Hotel has its major focus on the customer. The major assumptions that one can make for the current five years are as follows: that the business wishes to maintain constant growth by 5% annually as measured by Return on equity, Return on Assets, Return on Capital employed, growth in dividends and other important financial ratios. The business also wishes to attract and retain more customers as measured by its market share in the in hotel industry. It also wishes to maintain the most profitable customers providing them with the highest possible value for their money. Another important assumption is that the business wants to maintain a very good relationship with shareholders and other lenders so as to ensure that its cost of borrowing funds (cost of capital) remains at the lowest possible level. This will enable it reduce its business and financial risk as measured by the debt-to-equity ratio, the current ratio and quick ratios as well as the creditor's payment period and retain earnings. Based

Future of Tourism in Oman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Future of Tourism in Oman - Essay Example There are many difficulties in the development of this industry, because the locals do not want to exceed the limits of a local tourism promotion and thus they are prevented from a global expansion. Tourism in Oman Oman has many different privileges. First of all, this country makes large investments in ecotourism and first class tourism and tourism in this country can be interested for both Western and Eastern tourists. Oman can assure tourists of the absence of corruption and there are many perspectives for business development in this country. Oman is opening its doors for tourists†¦ The spectators are so much attracted by the new territories and numerous sightseeing that the pleasure of exploring this country transfers the borders of traditional tourism. There is no doubt that Arab hospitality is legendary. People from those countries are full of hospitality and there is no doubt that the Westerners will be greatly impressed by a large number of attractions in this country. There are two million inhabitants in Oman and this is an independent state of the Arab world. Tourists are mainly attracted by â€Å"vast coastline, over a thousand miles long, stretching from the Strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf to the Yemeni border in the south† (The Seven Stars of the Gulf; Oman: Traditional Terraced Village Scubadiving off the Coast of Fujairah, 2009). Moreover, there are deep historic roots in this country. The Oman museum in Muscat is rather attractive for tourists and there is no doubt that people in this country are proud of their legendary heroes, such as Sindbad the Sailor, for example. There is an evident harmony between the ancient port of Muscat and modernization of this port nowadays. A feeling of cleanness and safety is everywhere. There are different perceptions of the northern and the southern frontiers of Oman. Thus, tourist from different countries can find the places to live and to visit with respect to their own interests (Martin, 200 5). Nevertheless, it should be noted that the most explored part of Oman, which is favorable for tourists is Salalah. Tourist agencies are attracting new tourists speculating on the following things: â€Å"waters are inviting, the sand the softest and silkiest, and the birdlife extraordinary, a visitor's guide cautions you against wandering away "while wearing a sea dress" (Beirman, 2003). Oman provides tourists with different opportunities of having rest. There is an essential technological impact exerted on Oman and the Western tourists can exert a serious negative impact on cultural, moral and social values in Oman (Richards, 1999). On the one hand, in the modern global world such issues as traditional clothes or color of hair can be different even among Omani people. In their hearts and souls these people are religious and they do not have any intention to change their religion or culture. There are many difficulties for Oman and its ability to adapt social and cultural changes with respect to the Western traditions and customs. With this respect, it can be claimed that countries around the world are interested in promotion and support of their interests. In case the residents of one country want to get acquainted with the values of people and nations from another country, there is no doubt that the former should be tolerant to another country and preserve historic uniqueness and dignity of another nation. There is a high cultural

Three Big Ideas About Child Development Young People Essay

Three Big Ideas About Child Development Young People Essay Understanding child development means that we as carers and parents can understand skills and typical behaviours of children within our care, providing an environment which is nurturing and one that will foster growth. Laura Berk (2000) provides a simple definition of child development; a field of study devoted to understanding all aspects of human growth and change from conception through adolescence. (Berk: 2000, p4). This paper will look at three important theories of child development that you as a teacher or parent should know in order to understand the changes that take place from birth to adulthood. When we talk about child development we refer to three stages called development areas; Physical development involves the growth and change in a persons body and body functions. In this domain we look at the physiological and motor development as well as the influences of health, illness and nutrition. Cognitive development refers to the growth and change of a persons ability to process information, solve problems and gain knowledge. In this area we consider the study of brain development, memory, learning, thinking, language and creativity. Social-emotional development involves the growth and change of our interactions with others and our feelings. Included in this area is the study of relationships, emotions, personality and moral development. Whilst we discuss each area of development separately it is important to realise that they do overlap. One domain can influence the other. Interest in the field of child development began early in the 20th-century. (ref) Many theories have been put forward to explain why and how children develop. Theorist Jean Piaget played a major influence on the way we understand children. He explained childrens development in terms of their cognitive development in a theory known as Piagets theory of cognitive development. Piaget believed that children think differently from adults, arguing that its not that children know less than adults but their thinking skills are qualitatively different. (ref) Many of his ideas came from observing his own children. Piaget was convinced that intellect grows through processes he termed assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation refers to using existing mental patterns in new situations. (ref) In accommodation, existing ideas are modified to fit new requirements. Thus, new situations are assimilated to existing ideas, and new ideas are created to accommodate new experiences. In his theory children mature through a series of distinct stages in intellectual development. Sensorimotor (0-2years): Piaget believed that an infant is born with no way of making sense of the world. Infants use reflexes which act on the world in specific ways so that the child gradually adapts to the world. Motor movements are seen as the basis for the eventual development of intelligence. These slowly become separated from motor activity as the child learns to represent objects, actions and thoughts through play and language. According to Piaget, object permanence emerges during infancy. This relates to the understanding that objects continue to exist even though they are out of sight. Preoperational (2-7 years): Piaget describes toddlers thinking as illogical. This is due to two main characteristics of their thinking processes; egocentricism and centation. Piaget sees young childrens thinking as egocentric; meaning they can only see things from their point of view. They cannot take into account the ideas or needs of others. Due to their stage of cognitive development their thinking is not yet flexible enough to consider more than one aspect of a given situation. They are now in a stage of self-centred thinking. (ref). Centration is the term Piaget uses to describe young childrens tendency to focus their attention on a single aspect of a situation or object. This is where Piagets experiment for the conservation of volume. This stage of development also describes toddlers having improved memory skills, problem solving skills and begin to understand concepts; for example, words such as big and small, colours and the ability to recite numbers. (ref) As children progr ess into pre-school, children practise mental representations by using mental imagery and language symbols. (Ref) Concreter Operational (7-12years): The typical school aged child is entering this stage of development. Children begin to think logically however, they tend to need concrete objects to help them solve problems rather than being able to use abstract ideas. (ref). Piaget would describe the school age child as less egocentric. According to his theory a child is now able to view the world and themselves from other perspectives. (ref) Children at this stage have a longer attention span, a better concept of time and distance and their ability to remember improves. Formal Operational (12-15years): Children at this stage break away from concrete objects and thinking is based more on abstract principles, such as honour or democracy. (ref). Full adult intellectual ability is attained during this stage. For Piaget, the development of scientific reasoning is the pinnacle of development. (Vialle, Lysaght, and Verenikina: 2008, p55). At this stage older adolescents can comprehend math, physics and other abstract systems. (ref). Some critics have faulted Piagets theory on several grounds but mostly for its vagueness. Some would say that Piagets theory has limited our perception of childrens capabilities- particularly in the pre-school years. (ref). Others may say there has been too much focus on what children cant do rather than what they can. According to Siegler (2004) children continuously gain specific knowledge; they do not undergo stage like leaps in general mental ability. (more) However, Piagets work has encouraged us to see childrens cognitive skills as being different from those of adults. His theory is valuable for understanding how children think. If we understand how children think and learn we can provide a stimulating environment that will support their learning. Using Piagets theory of cognitive development, a teacher or parents role is to provide the stimulation and observe carefully to see when to step in and interact or change experiences (ref). (125 more) While Piaget stressed the role of maturation in cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky focused on the impact of socio-cultural factors. His Socio-cultural theory of cognitive development saw that social interaction and language has a major influence on the development of childrens thinking. Vygotsky places great importance on the tole of significant adults such as teachers, parents and also peers. -The zone of proximal development: Like Piaget, Vygotsky believed that children actively seek to discover new principles. However there is emphasis that many of a childs most important discoveries are guided by these significant adults. (ref). Vygotsky realises that some tasks can be beyond a childs reach. The child is close to having the mental skills needed to do the task, but it may be slightly too complex to be mastered alone. The zone of proximal development means children learn with the guidance and assistance of those within their environment. Parents, teachers or other sensitive caregivers will know that children will need assistance, guiding the child to support them in the learning process. Vygosky argued that childrens thinking is highly influenced by interactions and conversations with other peoples. If we want to understand how children think and learn, Vygotsky proposes that we need to observe them when they are relating with others. (ref). Vygotsky proposed that language plays a critical role in learning. He noted that preschoolers often talk to themselves as they complete activities and tasks. He called this Private speech. According to Vygotsky, private speech enables children to talk through problems (ref). Erik Erikson proposed a theory of development that focuses on the emotional and social aspects of development and how these impact on the overall development of the person from infancy to old age. (ref). He called it a Psychosocial theory of development focusing on the social experiences we have in life that shape our psychological make- up. Erikson was a student of Sigmund Freud and believed that the social interactions an individual experiences has a greater influence on development. (ref). Erikson identified eight stages of development over the entire human lifespan, each stage marked by a crisis. If each crisis is resolved in a positive way then the child would develop high self esteem and was more likely to respond to the next crisis in a positive way, developing a healthy personality. If the crisis was resolved in a negative way then it was likely the child would develop low self esteem and have difficulty resolving future crisis. (ref). His theory, particularly the first four stages hold vital considerations for you as a teacher or parent, ensuring that young children develop and maintain a positive sense of emotional wellbeing. -Stage one (0-1 years) Trust vs Mistrust: According to Erikson, a critical emotional struggle in infancy is between trust and mistrust. Emotionally healthy babies come to understand they have nurturing, responsive caregivers who meet their basic needs. They view the world as safe and enter into trusting relationships with caregivers and later, other individuals. However, a degree of mistrust is also important to keep infants safe from harm. But for the most part, the emotionally healthy baby is trusting of the world. (ref) A critical part of achieving trust from Eriksons view is the ability of infants to come to know and develop an emotional tie with caregivers; also known as attachment. Mary Ainsworth described attachment as the affectional tie that one person forms to another specific person, binding them together in space and enduring over time (Ainsworth: 1973). Stage two: (1-3 years) Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt: Once toddlers have developed a sense of trust with significant adults and understand their basic needs will be met, they are willing to venture away from the safety of parents and caregivers. We see this as striving for control over their environment. (ref). Children express their growing self control by climbing, touching, exploring and trying to do things for themselves (Coon Mitterer: 2007). Offering support, achievable tasks and time, children are more likely to experience success and thus feel autonomous and develop feelings of positive self-esteem. (ref). However, if we are impatient, provide tasks that are too difficult or become unsupportive with their efforts, children will develop feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities, resulting in low self esteem. Stage three: (3-5 years) Initiative vs Guilt: In this psychosocial theory of development, Erikson saw the preschool years as a time when children develop a sense of initiative. Preschoolers develop an increasing sense of their own ability and have a desire to make things happen. Through play, children learn to make plans and carry out tasks. Parents can reinforce initiative by giving children freedom to play, ask questions, use imagination and choose their own activities. (ref). When encouraged, this sense of initiative will support the development of high self esteem. However, when preschoolers receive negative feedback, prevent play or punished for trying to plan and make things happen they will develop a sense of guilt, thus developing low self esteem. (ref.) -Stage Four (6-12 years) Industry vs Inferiority: Middle childhood is the time to resolve the crisis of industry versus inferiority, according to Erikson. Primary school years are a childs entrance into life, where children begin to learn skills valued by society. His theory states that as children gain positive feedback from developing skills required for their particular culture, they will develop a sense of industry if they win praise for productive activities such as building, painting, cooking, reading and studying. This high self esteem will motivate children to challenge new tasks. However, if children receive negative feedback and have trouble developing skills and a sense of inferiority will arise, resulting in low self esteem and less motivation to try new tasks. (160 more)

Price of Gasoline :: essays research papers

ANALYZING THE PRICE OF GASOLINE The assignment this week presents a problem where the American Automobile Association (AA) generates a report on gasoline prices that it distributes to newspapers throughout the state. It further states that on February 18, 1999, the AAA called a random sample of fifty-one stations to determine that day’s price of unleaded gasoline. The following data (in dollars) was given in this report: Table 1 - Prices of Unleaded Gasoline at 51 Stations 1.07  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.31  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.01  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.29  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.16  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.08 0.96  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.66  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.21  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.02  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.04  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.01  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.11 1.11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.17  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.04  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.05  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.96  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.32  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.26  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.11 1.03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.20  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.21  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.05  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.04  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.97  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.21  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.07  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.17 0.98  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.04  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09 1.06  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Create a data array with the gasoline price data A data array is defined as â€Å"data that have been sorted in ascending or descending order† (Shannon, Groebner, Fry, & Smith, 2002, 72). The following section presents the data presented in Table 1 as a data array. Data Array 0.96, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 1.01, 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, 1.03, 1.03, 1.03, 1.04, 1.04, 1.04, 1.04, 1.05, 1.05, 1.06, 1.07, 1.07, 1.08, 1.09, 1.09, 1.09, 1.09, 1.09, 1.09, 1.10, 1.10, 1.10, 1.10, 1.11, 1.11, 1.11, 1.11, 1.12, 1.16, 1.17, 1.17, 1.18, 1.18, 1.20, 1.21, 1.21, 1.21, 1.23, 1.26, 1.29, 1.31, 1.32, 1.66 Data Analysis Given the data presented in the previous sections, the next few sections use two histograms to estimate the number of prices that are at least $1.15. The first histogram presents the data using five classes and the second uses fifteen. Histogram #1 Data Used in Histogram #1 (5 classes) Range  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.70  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   # of Classes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Class Width  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.1400  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bin #  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relative Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cumulative Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cumulative Relative Frequency 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.9600 < 1.1000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.53  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.53 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.1000 < 1.2400  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  19  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.37  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  46  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.90 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2400 < 1.3800  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.08  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.3800 < 1.5200  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5200 < 1.6601  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.02  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  51  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.00 Histogram #1 (using 5 Classes) Estimate of the Number of Prices that are at least $1.15 Using the histogram presented in the previous section, the estimate of the number of prices that are at least $1.15 is five. This is because the only values that can be counted fall into bins three, four, and five. Even though bin two may contain values that are above the $1.15 threshold, they can not be counted as they are not guaranteed to be above the stated value. Therefore the formula for the estimate is: Estimate = B3 + B4 + B5, where B3=4, B4=0 and B5=1. Histogram #2 Data Used in Histogram #2 (15 classes) Range  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.70  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   # of Classes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Class Width  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.0467  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bin #  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relative Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cumulative Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cumulative Relative Frequency 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.9600 < 1.0067  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.08  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.08 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.0067 < 1.0534  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.33 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.0534 < 1.1001  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.27  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  31  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.61 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.1001 < 1.1468  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  36  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.71 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.1468 < 1.1935  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  41  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.80 6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.1935 < 1.2402  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  46  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.90 7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2402 < 1.2869  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.02  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  47  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.92 8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2869 < 1.3336  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.06  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.3336 < 1.3803  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.3803 < 1.4270  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.4270 < 1.4737  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.4737 < 1.5204  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5204 < 1.5671  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5671 < 1.6138  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.6138 < 1.6601  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.02  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  51  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.00 Histogram #2 (using 15 Classes) Estimate of the Number of Prices that are at least $1.15 Using the histogram presented in the previous section, the estimate of the number of prices that are at least $1.

Islam Studies Jahiliyyah Essay

The essay shall explore the concept of the jahiliyyah and demonstrate the importance and impact it has to understand the origins and development of Islam. The Jahiliyyah is a core and critical part of the foundations of Islam, that certain elements of the jahiliyyah were borrowed, adopted and developed; whilst other elements were discarded as Islam evolved. It is important as aspects of the jahiliyyah period continues to have an influence after the advent of Islam. Elements of the jahiliyyah such as the geographical location; the political, social and religious life; pre-islamic literature, rituals of the Ka’ba and the role of Women have shaped the understanding of Islam. The term ‘Jahiliyyah’ means the period of ignorance or barbarism; reflecting the Arabian culture before the birth of Muhammad(Mvumbi, 2010). The concept reflects the period in which Arabia had no dispensation, no knowledge of Allah or one God and no revealed sacred text (Hitti, 1987). The Jahiliy yah represents a cultural milestone, as Muslims believe they transitioned from an period of ignorance to the period of knowledge and enlightenment (Armstrong, 1991). The religious situation of Jahiliyyah is important to examine in order to understand Islamic monotheism. The religious situation of pre-Islamic shapes one’s understanding of the origins and developments of Islam, as Islam is a civilization, culture and religion. The importance of the concept is because Islam developed and built on a previous Arabian religion. Firstly the understanding the geographical location and characteristics of that period would inform and shape one’s understanding of Islam and culture. The Arabian peninsula is covered with desert and divided in two sectors: the north and the south(Mvumbi, 2010). The geographical characteristics influences the cultural and religious situation.The northern part were a pastoral society and the southern part had permanent settlements such as Yemen and th e Bedouin lifestyle (Mvumbi, 2010). Areas such as Yemen were important because of its advanced civilizations, fertile land and rich agriculture. Most areas were hospitable, rich in food and water, and trades such as spice trades (Hoyland, 2001). The desert created a harsh environment with extreme conditions, the climate varied from north to south influencing people of the time to be nomadic (Brockelman, 1960). The nomadic lifestyle created sub-cultures which led to the diversity of languages. The trade, agriculture and linguistics are central notions that have had significant importance to Islam religion and culture (Goodman, 1999). . For example, it is believed that Muhammad was a trader who stimulated the growth of trade in Mecca (Goodman, 1999). It is strongly believed that Islam and arabian’s spiritual consciousness was born the vastness of the desert, this strongly emphasise why it is important to understand Jahiliyyah as the roots of Islam begin in this period (Mvumbi, 2010). The Arabians within that period believed in religion, were more polytheism focus than the monotheism perspective of today. They believed in deities, these deities were the daughters of Allah, the supreme God (Husayn, 1982). They built temples for their idols in particular at Makka it was the most religious place. These notions of Jahiliyyah reflect Islam; as the Islamic faith was first revealed in Makka and the fact that Arabians had the notion of a supreme one and only God prior to the rise of Islam (Mvumbi, 2010). The surrounding religion such as Judaism and Christianity whom had a monotheistic faith influenced the Arabians and Islam of today. This reinforces that Arabia prior to Islam shared unity of God before Muhammad (Mvumbi, 2010). These key principles demonstrate that Islam was a revival and continuation of Jahiliyyah and this stresses the importance of that concept. Another element of the Jahiliyyah period was the political and social life, such as the Bedouin society. The political structure was tribal based, that consisted of individuals who participated in larger groups (Weissleder, 1978). This tribal aspect reflects the adopted leadership of Muhammad; as tribal rulers were seen as an arbitrator than a ruler (Weissleder, 1978). This political structure influenced the Shura system. The legal system of this period was based on tribal or customary law which influenced the Islamic communities of today(Weissleder, 1978). This element reinforces why Jahiliyyah period shaped the origins and understanding of Islam. Similarly the social integration of pre-Islamic shapes our understanding of Islam. The no tion of social integration developed within the Byzantine and Sassanic period (Hoyland, 2001). The Sassanic dynasty influenced the Islamic administrative system, it was also the aftermath of the competition dwelling between the two dynasties (Hoyland, 2001). Although these dynasties were competitive they shared a common values such as being imperialists and harmony (Hoyland, 2001). The imperial commercial network meant that the leaders had to negotiate and political rapports were created with the empires and harmony prevailed. The Bedouins became the foundational symbol of Arab nationhood identity (Hoyland, 2001). They became the nationhood identity through their significant oral transmitted poetry and written Arabic literature, which became the basis and core language and humanity of Islam (Hoyland, 2001). The pre-Islamic poetry was very fine and unique, it became the linguistic standard of the interpretations of the Qu’ran. It is noted that the pre-Islamic poetry was a central aspect of tribal humanism and in a sense contributed to Islamic humanism (Hoyland, 2001). This once again support that the pre-Islamic period intertwines with key principles of Islam and shapes one’s understanding that Islam adopted foundational principles. Along with the highly praise Arabic poetry and language, is the adopted style of language such as Saj of Kuhhan. The rhyming structure a distinguishing feature of Saj became Arabic prose (Hoyland, 2001). The style of Saj is evident within the Qu’ran, by understanding the style one may understand the socio-cultural context that this emerged from; as well as how the pre-Islamic language has been adopted by Islam. Another adopted principle of the pre-Islamic period was the role of the Ka’ba and religious practices. It is important to explore the rituals of the Jahiliyyah concept to notice the similarities, adoptations and continuation of principles that is reflected in Islam. For example, during the Jahiliyyah, there was sacred truce period to the Ka’ba which occurred for three months, the annual pilgramage which is now the ritual of the Hajj for Muslims (Armstrong, 1999). The only other difference of the role of the Ka’ba was during that time within the Ka’ba there was three hundred and sixty idols of worship within the Ka’ba (Armstrong, 1999). The practice of Islam such as fasting could be reflected in the pre-Islamic practices however it was the exclusion of hunting and sexual activity (Armstrong, 1999). So rituals that were practiced throughout the pre-Islamic period were adopted and integrated into Islam. By examining these rituals it reinforces the importance of understanding the pre-Islamic period. By understanding the concept of Jahiliyyah one would understand the continuity, the improvements and changes of principles demonstrated within Islam. These changes, adaptation can be viewed through the ideals of women and marriage within the pre-islamic period and the ideals of women and marriage in Islam. For example, pre-Islamic period; endogamy, polygamy and polyandry were common. Whereas, Qu’ranic revelations indicates the focus on polygamy rather than polyandry; however it was revealed at the time where the socio-context had increased numbers of widows. Similarly, the idea of an temporary marriage, this within pre-Islamic period was instigated by a woman; however in the Shiite practice it is only permissible by the man. This notion parallels with divorce, women were allowed to dismiss their husbands; however with the Shari’s women are disadvantaged when in attempt to divorce. The gender inequality is reflect in women’s roles as well. Women in pre-Islamic period were given a status, they were involved in divination and had a religious function; they also had the status of entertaining. However, Orthodox Islam has rejected the principle of giving women status and equality. The role of women within the pre-Islamic period reflects how Islam does not always adopt the principles of pre-Islamic period, but rather rejects some notions. As the essay demon strated the period of Jahiliyyah has significantly contributed to the success of the Prophet Muhammad’s mission. Significant features of the Jahiliyyah such geographical location; the political, social and religious life; pre-islamic literature, rituals of the Ka’ba and the role of Women have shaped the understanding of Islam. These features have demonstrated the Islamic religion within context of it’s origins and development. By understanding the concept of the Jahiliyyah one can understand which features are adopted, integrated, improved and rejected as Islam evolved. References Armstrong, K, 1991. ‘Jahiliyah’ in Muhammad: A Western Attempt to Understand Islam. 1st ed. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd. Brockelman, C, 1960. History of the Islamic peoples. New York: Capricorn books. Goodman, D, 1999. Pre-industrial Cities and Technology. London: Routledge Hoyland, R, 2001. Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam. 1st ed. London: Routledge. Husayn, M, 1982. The life of Muhammad. Lagos: Academy Press. Mvumbi. 2010. Introduction to Islamic theology: A study of some major theological issues . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.cuea.edu/mvumbi/images/stories/PDF/ClassNotes/INTRODUCTION%20TO%20ISLAMIC%20THEOLOGY.pdf. [Accessed 14 May 13]. Schuon, F, 1976. Understanding Islam. 1st ed.London: Unwin Paperbacks Weissleder, W, 1978. The Nomadic Alternative. Chicago: Mouton Publishers

Free Essays on Canadian Advertising

and the French translation subtitled on the sign. In Montrà ©al, it’s generally the opposite; signs are in French with the English translation. This is generally harder for marketers in Canada because they not only have to advertise in English, but also in French. And also they have to research and are able to come up with an advertisement that will target the French as well. In the US, marketers generally only market to English speaking Americans. Canadians also are very preservative p... Free Essays on Canadian Advertising Free Essays on Canadian Advertising Canadian Advertising Differences Canada is a very preservative country. They are very serious with a lot of the things they do. Also Canada has a very strong economy. Currently Canada’s GDP per Capita is around 30,000 Canadian Dollars which falls in second right under the United States. About 40% of the Canadian population is of British descent, while 27% are of French origin. Another 20% are of other European background, about 10% are of E or SE Asian origin, and some 3% are of aboriginal or Mà ©tis (mixed aboriginal and European) background. In the late 1990s, Canada had the highest immigration rate of any country in the world, with more than half the total coming from Asia. Over 75% of the total population lives in cities. Canada has complete religious liberty, though its growing multiculturalism has at times caused tensions among ethnic and religious groups. About 45% of the people are Roman Catholics, while some 40% are Protestant. English and French are the official languages, and federal document s are published in both languages. In 1991, about 61% of Canadians cited English as their mother tongue, while 24% cited French. No when it comes to advertising Canada has it a lot harder than the US. Although Canada’s majority language is English, there is a high French speaking population, especially in Quebec. The majority of the population in Quebec is French. Business and other signs and billboards usually have the English words and the French translation subtitled on the sign. In Montrà ©al, it’s generally the opposite; signs are in French with the English translation. This is generally harder for marketers in Canada because they not only have to advertise in English, but also in French. And also they have to research and are able to come up with an advertisement that will target the French as well. In the US, marketers generally only market to English speaking Americans. Canadians also are very preservative p...

Doing Sales the Old Fashioned Way. Yup it’s Cold Calling.

Doing Sales the Old Fashioned Way. Yup it’s Cold Calling. The Dreaded Cold Call Does the very phrase â€Å"cold calling† send shivers down your spine? A September 2014 Forbes article, 10 Sales Techniques To Never Cold Call Again, notes that â€Å"cold calling is a dreaded and daunting task that strikes fear down the backs of even the most fearless of marketers.† I’m not a stranger to cold calling. As a fairly new college graduate, I worked at the Volunteer Legal Services in Oakland, CA, where part of my job was to call attorneys and ask them to accept pro bono cases. Most of them said no. But since then, I’ve had very little need to cold call- and frankly have avoided it, believing that it was simply inefficient. When Mark, one of my first unofficial business coaches, yelled at me because I wasn’t making enough cold calls to drum up business, I blatantly ignored him. Nothing Else is Working! When the print version of my book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, became available in November 2015, I had a dream that the book would be snapped up by every college bookstore in the country. But I soon faced the harsh reality that this was not happening- not even slightly. Without a publisher and its attendant publicity machine, I had a challenge: How would I let college bookstores know about the availability of my book? One thing was for sure: My dream would not be realized if I didn’t do something. I reached out to my resources for help. A friend who has connections to college career services failed to return my emails and phone calls. â€Å"Contact the National Association of College Bookstores (NACS),† said my business coach. So I contacted NACS and discovered, after 3 months of waiting, that â€Å"We don’t have a good means of single title promotion.† I tried going to the marketing department at the distributor of my book (Ingram), who came back with, â€Å"It would be up to you as the ‘publisher’ to promote and market your book and direct people to our distribution partners to place an order.† Gee thanks. Biting the Bullet- Picking Up the Phone Finally, it got through my thick skull that there was no easy way to do this. So I started cold calling. First, I walked into the University of Wisconsin Bookstore in my home town of Madison. They ordered two copies. Encouraged, I called the Yale Bookstore (my alma mater). They ordered two copies too! Not only that, but the Barnes Noble in Madison was happy to order a couple of copies for their shelves! I called some more college bookstores. Some of them said no. Others, to my great joy, said yes! Here’s where my book will be carried as of this writing: Yale University NYU University of Wisconsin-Madison (downtown and Hilldale) University of Chicago Evergreen State College Alabama University Iowa State University University of Utah Barnes Noble, East Towne Mall, Madison, WI Here I was looking for a broad solution that would not require the work of making individual phone calls to individual bookstores. I was so stuck in thinking there must be a better way that I missed out on the opportunity to do it the old fashioned way. Once I started calling, I started getting results. Of course I can’t possibly call every book store in the country and ask them to carry my book. But I can call a lot of them, and if people buy the book, at some point I trust the balance will tip. Coach Mark, if you’re reading this, guess what?! I’m making cold calls. And it’s working. If you like How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile and want to see the print book in your local Barnes Noble or other bookstore, please let them know about it and let me know if I can add to the above list! And if there’s a situation in your life where you’re waiting for a magical solution, maybe that solution is simply picking up the phone, and dialing.

Problem Solving College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Problem Solving College - Essay Example In problem solving one should explore all options one by one until you come across the best one. However, in general, as one gains experience in solving problems, one develops one's own techniques and strategies, though they are often intangible. The computer is not an intelligent machine. It does not have the ability to think about the solution of the problem. Our task is to provide a series of steps, which when written in a programming language becomes a code. The computer runs the code for the solution. The good part is that the computer can run the solution consistently, again and again once we have written the code, saving us from the tedious and boring work. Programs are written to solve problems posed by people. The difficulty of writing the programs is driven by the difficulty of the problems. The difficulty of the problems is limited by the imagination of the people posing the problems. Now we'll see how problem solving by programming is difficult. Programming is a complex skill that takes time to master. To solve a specific problem via programming, you need to understand the nature of the problem. Think about the solution of the problem. Then we will choose a programming language. You need to have knowledge of the programming language you decide to use. ... Depending on the nature of the task problem solving can either be easy or difficult. Let's take a very simple example of finding the largest number from a given list of unsorted numbers. We can easily solve this problem manually, provided the given list of numbers is not too big. If we have to solve the same problem using programming then it is not so easy .We will have to explain the computer all the steps one by one and code it for the compiler to run the solution. Similarly, if we have a list of numbers which is very big, say ten thousand numbers and we have to find the maximum one so it would be easier to write a code for the problem rather than going through the whole list. There are many ways to find the maximum number in a given list of unsorted numbers. We will discuss one of the ways to solve it. Our first step would be to consider the first number as the largest. We will save that number in a temporary location .Then we will compare it with all the other numbers in the list and if we encounter any number greater than the number stored in our temporary location, we will update our location. The last noted item in our memory location is the largest in the list when the process is complete. Hence, we can say that it depends on the nature of the task whether problem solving is difficult with programming or not. Similarly, we consider another example of a factorial generating program. We can easily calculate the factorial of a small number in our minds but think about a program that will return you the factorial of any number you want. It can be as large as you want because you don't have to worry about the computations. The computer is going to

Accounting assignment ( memo to the manager ) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting ( memo to the manager ) - Assignment Example The market it covers expands from Middle East to North Africa and all the way up to North America. The company has its offices in a number of countries including United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey,  China, USA, Canada and United Kingdom. Emaar has consistently maintained its financial position and stability. The numbers on the financial statement indicate a slight decline in revenue from 30th September 2007 to 30th September 2008 (1.62%). Although the revenue has declined slightly, the net profit has gone up by (0.4%). This indicates that the cost of revenues has gone down. From the company’s perspective, this shows that they have controlled on their costs. However, an interesting feature to note in the financial statements is that ‘selling, general and administrative expenses’ form a considerable portion of the overall expenditure both in 2007 and in 2008. Moreover, the ratio of selling and administrative expenses to the gross profit stands out to be (29.5%) and (29.1%) in 2007 and 2008 respectively. This indicates a very high proportion and is reducing the profitability considerably. In order to control these expenses, we first need to analyze the composition of these expenses. Selling, general and administrative is the sum of all direct and indirect selling expenses and all general and administrative expenses incurred by a company. Selling expenses are of two types, direct and indirect. Direct ones are those which can be linked with the sale of a specific unit. This would include warranty, advertisement or credit expenses. Indirect ones are those which cannot be allocated to a sale of a specific unit but is applied to all units in proportion. This would include telephone and postal charges. Whereas, general and administrative expenses include other expenses such as rent, heating, lighting and salaries of non-sales personnel (Investopedia). High SG&A expenses can be

Operations Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Operations Management - Term Paper Example The outputs will be the various types of lighting products such as bulbs and light lambs. The main focus in measuring productivity will be on our total productivity in which case all inputs and outputs will be considered (U.S. Dept. of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014).     Measuring productivity will be important since it is the best way to know whether we are making progress or not. Essentially, when a manufacturing company wants to boost its competitiveness, it has to invest a significant amount of money in methods that attract production and office efficiencies. This usually calls for external consultants and cost accounting experts (Brynjolfsson, 1993). For this business, measuring productivity will not demand the help of external consultants. The main objectives of the manufacturing business are to create high demand through the manufacturing and distribution of quality lighting products to our customers, but we do not want to create extra expense doing this since the skills to achieve this goal are available. However, the high demand has to be met (Chew, 2015). This implies that our production has to meet the existing demand for our lighting products. To achieve this, we plan to come up with an effective way of monitoring our total productivity by measuring it.   To measure our business productivity, we intend to define our inputs and outputs by determining their economic value. In this regard, the business aims to look for highly qualified personnel to achieve the most efficient human resources possible.

Inspector Goole Essay Example for Free

Inspector Goole Essay Inspector Goole behaves in a very blunt way. He doesnt waist any time he just gets straight to the point. He has an amazing way of not even having to say anything or ask everyone will just blurt out the answer to him. To do this he uses direct questions. This puts people of balance and they tell all. He also can tell things from the facial expressions. The Inspector uses a really interesting technique with the photograph of Eva Smith. He will only show one person at a time, he doesnt show them all at once. However, while reading the script many of us were thinking is this really a photo of the same girl? Or is it even a photograph. Inspector Goole could really be using a dramatic device to show the Birlings and make them look at themselves with disgust. I think it is a bit strange that the Inspector never shows the photo to them all at once, this make me think that either it is a photo of a different girl or in fact not a photograph at all. I think that this was not a photograph the inspector was showing but a mirror. To make them look closely at them selves, exam themselves with disgust and hatred. When they look in the mirror maybe they dont only see themselves, they could see everything they have done in a quick glimpse, maybe they see Eva Smiths face, staring back at them crying in pain and agony. I think the mirror is a good theory. This would explain why each one of them had a different reaction to the photograph. As they are really seeing themselves and are each reacting with more or less awareness of what they have done. The inspector is not there to destroy their lives. He does not want to ruin them he just wants them to realize what they are doing and change it before it too late. He has a sort of sympathy towards Sheila the youngest child. He does not want to destroy her and make her think that it was all her fault, he just wants to help her And if she leaves us now and doesnt hear anymore then she will fear she is entirely to blame. The inspector doesnt want her to feel any blame on Evas death, he just wants her to realize she had an impact on Eva Smiths death, so that she can teach herself respect towards others. Inspector Goole only seems off hand with Mr. and Mrs. Birling. It is as if he wants them to set a good example to their children and change the way they are. I think the inspector does feel sympathy towards the children as he realizes they are only like this as this is how their parents brought them up. There is no possible way that you can take advantage of Inspector Goole.  He knows exactly what he is doing. He talks about Eva Smith/ Daisy Renton quite kind and sympathetic, showing that he has affection for her.  The Inspector appears to be really successful. The way that he squeezes information out of people, hardly having to say a word himself. He has a way that he will just make them feel so bad about themselves that they spill out all the information. Also, he keeps on coming back to the point he has asked until he has squeezed all the information he possibly could out. So, the inspector does appear to be successful with getting information out about the death. However, is this really what he is trying to be successful with? If he is trying to make them realize what they have done was he successful? I think that on some members of the family they really did realize what they had done. Shelia, for example, she felt really bad about what she had done and so did Eric. So the Inspector was successful teaching them a lesson. Mr. and Mrs. Birling however, felt that they had nothing to do with the death and that they were not to blame at all. They were so stubborn they couldnt even realize they were the worst out of all of them. The Inspector was more successful with the information about Eva Smith. Although I think that the ending would have left all of them realizing what they had done, so the Inspector was successful, even if the Birlings would not admit to being in the wrong. The Inspector has a different impression and impact/effect on each one of the characters. This is due to the fact of the different characteristics of the charters, and how responsible they feel about the death.  Mr. Birling is rather annoyed with the Inspectors surprise visit, because he was celebrating his daughters engagement and feels that having an Inspector question him will ruin his chance of being on the New years Honors list. Mr. Birling also feels that the death is his problem at all and that he should have nothing to do with it. This however is entirely wrong, as he was the one that started of the chain reaction that led Eva Smith to her devastating death. Mrs. Birling reacts really stubbornly. She feels that the Inspector was rude towards her, and she too does not see why the Inspector is bringing her in to this as has far as she can see, she was not to blame at all for the death.  The Inspector has a big effect on Sheila. He claims that he often makes a great impression on the younger ones, We often do on the younger ones, they are more impressionable. Sheila is the only one who really hears what the Inspector is actually saying, and feels great sympathy and regret about what had happened. She is not to scared to admit to the Inspector that she knows she was in the wrong, no other character was brave/stronger enough to do this. The Inspectors theory about the younger ones must be correct. Gerald does not seem to have much of an effect from the Inspector. He seems quite calm about the whole situation, but then the Inspector is a bit nicer towards Gerald as he was the only one who made Eva Smith happy. Gerald leaves half way through the dinner. The biggest effect that the Inspector has on Gerald is that he breaks up their engagement by informing Sheila that Gerald had been having an affair. Gerald almost does not trust the Inspector and sees through his sneaking little ways, as later he questions people about Inspector Goole actually being an Inspector. Eric Birling, also one of the younger one, has a big effect from the Inspector. He realizes what he had done, and is angry with him self for not being able to help Eva and his baby, he also is mad with himself for stealing money from his father. He is feeling great regret about his actions. The Inspector makes Eric feel as if he killed his own child. Eric is very hurt and angry with himself.  The Inspector was trying to effect the Birlings life as he is trying to teach them a lesson about how to behave with others. He said that they have an effect on the younger ones, Sheila and Eric were the only Birlings who actually realized what they had done. The Inspector probably did change their lives. However, Mr. and Mrs. Birling did not feel any different after the Inspectors visit, as they are too stubborn to see they are in the wrong. This is quite sad as they were the main problem and they brought their children up that way, treating others badly, but they can not do a thing to change themselves.