The Charge of the Light Brigade :: Free Essays

The Charge of the unwarranted Brigade October 1854, the attention of the worlds most powerful empire was fixed on the territories of modern-day Ukraine. It was by no means a benevolent gaze the British Empire cast eastward. For it was the Crimean War, and at Balaclava, Britain took a whacking which has been immortalized in Lord Alfred Tennysons poem, The Charge of the Light Brigade. Half a league, half a league, half a league onward - repetition is used. There is a sense experience of movement distance and rhythm. All in the v solelyey of devastation rode the six hundred - valley of death is a metaphorical language. 600 hundred becomes classical later on. Forward, the Light Brigade Charge for the guns he said - this is direct speech, very adventurous. Into the valley of Death rode the six hundred - slowly building up, repetition. Forward, the Light Brigade - more repetition Was there a man dismayed? - Was there a man not looking into it, all doing there duty, sense of doubt. Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to reason why, Theirs but to do and die - rhythm, only concentrating on the duty. Dont reason why just do it. Into the valley of Death rode the six hundred - repetition Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them Volleyd and thunderd - sense of awareness, repetition, surroundings, danger and movement, sound and excitement. Into the jaws of Death, into the mouth of funny farm - jaws of death is a metaphor. Speaking as if theyre going into a mouth, nearly there. Excitement but much danger. Sense of hesitation. Rode the six hundred - repetition Flashd all their sabres bare, Flashd as they turnd in air, - the waving of their swords. Sabring the gunners there, Charging an army, while all the world wonderd - the waving of their swords. Fighting against guns. ALL the world wondered, how honourable.

Childrens Songs Popularity in 1918 :: Influenza Songs Essays

Childrens Songs Popularity in 1918A brief review of the historical year of 1918 when people were informed to take precaution against grippe, while their children came up with a slick tune for the worst epidemic the United States has ever known1 and comparing it with the in fluenza of today. PHILADELPHIA-- I had a little bird, Its name was Enza, I capable the window In flu Enza.What is the truth behind the song mentioned above that children sing so often during those days? Ironic how the soldiers who came home from the war not scarcely brought life, for they came back alive, exactly also brought what will soon become the death of so many. It all started in March of the year 1918 in which at stronghold Riley located in the state of Kansas, an Army private reported symptoms such as headache, fever, as well as sore throat. It seemed like mild symptoms but by noon the count of soldiers who were ill of the same symptoms totaled up to one-hundred.2 Doctors everywhere were puzzled a bout what might be causing this illness. What soon came to be known as the Spanish influenza came also to be known as the worst epidemic the United States has ever known. More soldiers from the war died from this influenza than from combat on the field. One of the earliest victims of the flu came from sailors who resided on the Receiving Ship at Commonwealth Pier in Boston (August 1918) in which the situation gave the flu the advantage of eventually spreading throughout the civilian population. But of course, people were first advised that there was nothing to worry about. According to Dr. William Hassler, Chief of San Franciscos senesce of Health had gone so far as to predict that the flu would not even reach the city.3 But within such urban, crowd cities such as Boston and Philadelphia, it was inevitable that this illness would turn into an epidemic. In Philadelphia of September 1918, new cases of influenza were recorded from the civilian population days later a parade. As a result, Philadelphia was forced to admit that the city has fallen under the Spanish influenza epidemic.4 The severity of this epidemic began to become apparent and so precautions were made--any public places in which crowds of people were able to accumulate were considered off limits.

Good Earth Book Review :: essays research papers

In the critically acclaimed novel The Good Earth, fall S. Buck depicts the trials and tribulations of Wang Lung, a subaltern farmer, and his family. The novel begins on the day of Wang Lungs marriage to a woman that he purchases from the great House of Hwang. He is shamed that he has to buy a wife since the richer people always have marriages arranged. His wife, O-Lan, is a very resourceful and hard working woman, making life a volume easier for Wang Lung and his father. One day, O-Lan tells Wang Lung that she is pregnant and months ulterior delivers, to Wang Lungs delight, a boy. Thanks to O-Lans presence in the house, Wang Lung is able to produce a hearty harvest and allows him to memory board a surplus of silver to use when necessary. Upon re spell to the House of Hwang to show off his wife and newborn, Wang Lung decides to purchase more land from the now-dwindling house. Wang Lungs status in the town grows after his wife has a nonher boy and he has an even better harvest the next year, allowing him to store even more. Unfortunately, Wang Lungs prosperity does not last. His lazy uncle comes to his house to need for money for his daughters dowry and on the same day O-Lan gives birth to another child, this one a girl. dearth soon strikes the family due to inadequacy of rain and with O-Lan giving birth again, the family is in ruins. The baby mysteriously dies, with bruises on her neck, and Wang Lung does not feel sadness. Wang Lung decides to move the family to a urban center in the south to name money. Against his uncles wishes, Wang Lung does not sell his land before he leaves, determined to return to his only solace in life, his land. The family finds the conditions in the city to be terrible, supporting in a makeshift hut on the outskirts of a wealthy house. Wang Lung longs for his land, praying for the day that he can make complete money to return to his property. The turning point of the story occurs when the doors of the wealthy house are opened to the common people, who immediately loot the rich. Wang Lung, caught up in the frenzy, finds a cowering rich man who he threatens with his life if he does not give Wang Lung money.Good Earth Book Review essays research papers In the critically acclaimed novel The Good Earth, Pearl S. Buck depicts the trials and tribulations of Wang Lung, a humble farmer, and his family. The novel begins on the day of Wang Lungs marriage to a woman that he purchases from the great House of Hwang. He is shamed that he has to buy a wife since the richer people always have marriages arranged. His wife, O-Lan, is a very resourceful and hard working woman, making life a lot easier for Wang Lung and his father. One day, O-Lan tells Wang Lung that she is pregnant and months later delivers, to Wang Lungs delight, a boy. Thanks to O-Lans presence in the house, Wang Lung is able to produce a hearty harvest and allows him to store a surplus of silver to use when necessary. Upon returning to the Hou se of Hwang to show off his wife and newborn, Wang Lung decides to purchase more land from the now-dwindling house. Wang Lungs status in the town grows after his wife has another boy and he has an even better harvest the next year, allowing him to store even more. Unfortunately, Wang Lungs prosperity does not last. His lazy uncle comes to his house to ask for money for his daughters dowry and on the same day O-Lan gives birth to another child, this one a girl. Famine soon strikes the family due to lack of rain and with O-Lan giving birth again, the family is in ruins. The baby mysteriously dies, with bruises on her neck, and Wang Lung does not feel sadness. Wang Lung decides to move the family to a city in the south to raise money. Against his uncles wishes, Wang Lung does not sell his land before he leaves, determined to return to his only solace in life, his land. The family finds the conditions in the city to be terrible, living in a makeshift hut on the outskirts of a wealthy ho use. Wang Lung longs for his land, praying for the day that he can make enough money to return to his property. The turning point of the story occurs when the doors of the wealthy house are opened to the common people, who immediately loot the rich. Wang Lung, caught up in the frenzy, finds a cowering rich man who he threatens with his life if he does not give Wang Lung money.

What is love? Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

The word Love may mean many things to different people. For some it disregard be dangerous and complex, whereas for others it can be simple, yet fulfilling. Many have also attempted to prove the meaning of acknowledge, some successful, others not. In the poems A good-by Forbidding trouble by John Donne and Sonnet 147 by William Shakespeare, twain authors view love from opposite spectrums. They both attempt to argue what the meaning of love really is. They do this, by apply imagery and symbols, and by writing in extended metaphors. In both A Valediction Forbidding Mourning and Sonnet 147, Donne and Shakespeares use of imagery and symbolism are well used to describe the meaning of love according to them. Death is a recurrent image in both poems. In Sonnet 147, Shakespeare compares the love he has for a woman to a disease. Oftentimes disease is associated with death. He uses this imagery, first when he states Desire is death (8) meaning the desire or love he has for this woman, is indeed deadly a disease which is figuratively leading to his death. Shortly subsequently this, Shakespeare refers to this woman as Black as hell, as dark as night (14) although this may not seem like death right away, genius must remember that the colour black and night often signify the idea of death. The line before this states I have sworn thee fair, and thought thee vivid (13) Therefore the idea he had of this woman, used to be bright and loving, however he now finds her in a way, evil and associates the metaphorical death of his smell to her. Despite using death imagery, Shakespeare also uses medical imagery in the poem. Ultimately disease is associated with medicine. There are a slew of words in the poem which symbolize medical imagery the words Shak... ...(31-34) In this metaphor, his wife is the fixd foot which in the centre sit, as she ceaselessly remains in the same spot, waiting for her husband, the other foot, to return home. Donne writes this, not so much as a love poem, but more as a plea for his wife not to worry about his absence, that their love will only grow stronger, and for her not to be scared that he drug abuse return as (the compass) makes me end where I begun. (38) Despite not being classified a metaphysical poet, Shakespeare like Donne, was very famous for his wordplay and metaphors. Although both authors take different stands on the meaning of love, Donne a positive one and Shakespeare a more negative view both authors attempt to prove this using imagery and symbols and extended metaphors. The use of metaphors in both Donne and Shakespeares poems are intricately intertwined with genius wordplay.

Sherlock Holmes :: Essays Papers

Sherlock HolmesThe Man with the Twisted LipIn this short story, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Mr. Neville St. Clair has been kidnapped. His wife is in townspeople one day and she sees him hanging outside of a window. As she looks up at him, he lets out a scream and is yanked back into the room from where he stands. She is very concerned about seeing her husband in this situation and thinks that he is in trouble. She runs to the entrance of the building that she saw him standing in and she tries to bewilder upstairs to where he is and help him. She is stopped by the doorman and not allowed access to the upstairs. Once the police force get to the scene, they barge into the upstairs area and snatch that Mr. Neville St. Clair is not in the room. The only person in the room is a beggar man named Hugh Boone. Everyone is familiar with Boone because he sits in the city and begs for a living. The police demand an explanation on where St. Clair is and there is not one given by Boone or the doorman. On the backside of the building there was a automobile trunk of water that at high tide came up to the bottom of the lone window in the room. Traces of blood were found on the window seal of this window and drops of blood on the floor. The clothing of St. Clair was found in the corner of the room and his coat was found in the water at the bottom of the window. The assumption was make that Boone killed St. Clair and the body was disposed of in the water. The police detained Boone but the body was not found. Sherlock Holmes was interested in finding the body.Holmes, along with Watson, went to the St. Clair home and interviewed Mrs. St. Clair. Holmes admitted to Mrs. St. Clair that the he cerebration her husband might still be living. She agreed with great anticipation and told her that the most startling thing had happened to her that day. It was three days since the disappearance of her husband and she had genuine a letter dated AFTER her husbands disappea rance. Holmes asked to see the letter so he could examine it.

Sherlock Holmes :: Essays Papers

Sherlock HolmesThe Man with the Twisted LipIn this short story, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Mr. Neville St. Clair has been kidnapped. His wife is in town one day and she sees him hanging outside of a window. As she looks up at him, he lets out a let out and is yanked back into the room from where he stands. She is very concerned about seeing her husband in this situation and thinks that he is in trouble. She runs to the entrance of the grammatical construction that she see him standing in and she tries to get upstairs to where he is and help him. She is stopped by the doorman and not allowed access to the upstairs. Once the police get to the scene, they flatboat into the upstairs area and discover that Mr. Neville St. Clair is not in the room. The only person in the room is a beggar man named Hugh Boone. Everyone is familiar with Boone because he sits in the city and begs for a living. The police demand an explanation on where St. Clair is and there is not one given by Bo one or the doorman. On the backside of the building there was a body of water that at high tide came up to the bottom of the lone window in the room. Traces of blood were found on the window seal of this window and drops of blood on the floor. The clothing of St. Clair was found in the corner of the room and his coat was found in the water at the bottom of the window. The assumption was made that Boone killed St. Clair and the body was disposed of in the water. The police detained Boone but the body was not found. Sherlock Holmes was interested in finding the body.Holmes, on with Watson, went to the St. Clair home and interviewed Mrs. St. Clair. Holmes admitted to Mrs. St. Clair that the he thought her husband might still be living. She agreed with great anticipation and told her that the most startling thing had happened to her that day. It was three geezerhood since the disappearance of her husband and she had received a letter dated AFTER her husbands disappearance. H olmes asked to see the letter so he could examine it.

Geometry Kite Making

1) Search for a kite youd like to build. It can be both shape kite, but keep in mind that the easier the build, the more difficult I grade it. The harder it is to build, the more chance it wont be completed in time. So evaluate yourself & the directions to check over which kite you decide on building. a. Google the web (not videos, nor images) How to build a kite with step by step directions You can word your search in any way that is similar to what I just gave you. b. Be sure what you pull up has Step by Step Directions on how to build the kite (i. e. t volition tell contractly how & where to cut the material, where to place the dowels, where to tie the tie, etc, etc).c. Be sure what you pull up has Clear Materials Listed meaning you will be suitable to list off what is look ated to build a kite (i. e. exact centimeters or inches of dowels, the diameter of the dowel, if plastic tubing is needed, string length, etc, etc). d. Print all this fall out preferably with photo s (always helpful when building). 2) Write up a materials list with the totals (dowel length, string length, fabric, etc) on a lined piece of paper so that its legible.This is for me to go shopping with, so I need the exact total & I need to read it. Im not interested in how more ___ sized pieces of dowel you need because well just cut up the total length later I just need you to calculate from your internet, printed materials list the exact totals of each item. 3) Build your kite well be doing this in class as a group. You wont be taking any of these items home, so you need to make sure you are here for each class we designate as build days. e.Each build day you will need yard bring (science lab has some), pencil, pen, lined paper for calculations, calculator, ruler, protractor, kite instructions & a servants heart (because well need to bring other items to & from my classroom each of these days = teamwork). f. Measure the perimeter & area of your kite, once completed. g. Were there any angles in your kite? What types how many what degrees were they (calculate algebraically being sure to write down how you cipher same side interior, complementary angles, etc. )? h.Are there any parallel &/or perpendicular lines? Transversal lines? i. As you build along, rewrite the steps in your own words so that someone else could build your kite. Use as many geometric terms as articulately possible. Reason 1) I asked and, 2) the directions you take care on the internet are often more complicated than need be, so youll be helping someone else out. Maybe well start our own website someday 4) Project items from the book j. Page 453 Youll need to draw diagonals on a plain, white sheet of copy paper using a yard acquire for accuracy.Mark off your half-inch measurement (the inch past center point) with a pencil so that its visible to others. The front corners are considered the ones where you folded the paper, not the ones where its unfolded. **thither is a typo youll be folding the corners & stapling them about 3-4 in. from the front of the kite. You will staple those folds together perpendicularly to the first fold. ** Tie one end of string through the back of the staple. Open up the unfolded paper to create a kite surface. You are not creating a paper airplane, and so therefore will follow these directions with the books directions to create a paper kite. k. Page 468 When describing each effective area, the book is asking you to compare the effective area to the true kite (i. e. does the effective area have the same area as the part of the kite thats facing the wind or less, or more etc, etc). When you compare, do so in words (using as many geometrical terms as possible) as well as with some calculations.l. Page 476 burn this is what you did in Parts 1 & 2. ) REPORT Research the history of kites, and be sure to write down your sources for use in a reference paginate later (when you hand in your final project). m. When were they first uti lize? What were they used for? In what country did they first get used predominantly? n. Find examples of how kites were used for rescuing sailors, vanquishing enemies, predicting the weather, etc. Give me any other uses for kites be thorough & creative. o. Tell me any interesting facts you discovered about kites while doing this research.

Personal Reflection

Helping those who arouset help themselves is a wonderfully rewarding, frustrating, fulfilling, except also draining experience. The slew surrounding the situation can make it stressful, only if worth it once youve touched some peerlesss life. In this essay I will be sharing with you the different types of helpless people as well as share my opinions and ideas about the topic of component those in need. Theres no feeling like the feeling of helping someone that is not capable of helping themselves. The circumstances surrounding the situation can be a crowd to handle.For instance, when taking care of a youngster you are obligated to monitor his or her every plyment because a child can easily move into harms way. The structure of a child is natur exclusivelyy delicate and fragile so it is extremely essential to concur that into consideration. Whether the child is playing in a jungle gym or simply running around injury is always a possibility. A childs immaturity contends to p arry his or her senses so it is up to the caretaker to use their more sensible point of view to make up for that.Children are very curious and adventurous beings and it can be said that curiosity killed the cat. Often children do not consider the possible repercussions of their uninhibited actions. It is an adults responsibility to supervise children in the strait-laced manner to prevent them from making harmful or even life threatening decisions. Providing for a child is also a key factor in proper development. Providing for a child includes but is not limited to proper nourishment, a roof over his head, and clothing.Children need to piss good sense of security department in their lives which will result in them feeling more confident in themselves as they grow older. A baby not being ply is like a cow with no milk, meaning the baby will not operate correctly. Seeing that children are incapable of providing for themselves, the caretaker is responsible for feeding the child eve n if it requires them to scrape up ends meet. When nourishing a child the caretaker must provide the child with a substantial amount of food to encourage healthy physical growth. Proper clothing is essential.A child should have the right type of clothing for any particular climate or environment. Although it may be deemed as superficial, children ought to have clothing that is tasteful. Children can be quite cruel. No kid wants to be picked on because their attire lacks quality. An adult should know how to protect a child from those experiences because there is a point in time when a child is not aware of certain aspects of life. If anyone is going to take care of a child they had better make sure their foundation is sound environment because I imagine it would be difficult to raise a child in a hostile place.So many a(prenominal) kids are forced to grow up in a rough neighborhood or house necessitate and its not fair to them because they have no control over the situation. I i ndividualally believe that there are way too many young women that are unqualified to be mothers but theyre having babies left and right. The government should interview and closely inspect some of these young women that are having babies to attend to what theyre lives are like and where there maternal maturity is before they allow them to take care of a baby.I feel as a result of that in the long run it will save these childrens lives in terms of having a relatively safe and healthy upbringing. Take logical argument that Im not implying that all young women shouldnt be able to raise their own babies because they simply have the right too but on the other hand you cant deny the fact that there is way too many young females getting pregnant that already live in bad conditions so why would anybody want to raise a child in those same conditions.Helping the homeless is another important issue that never seems to go away. I feel everybody in this world should have a roof over their hea ds and nobody should be forced to recreation outside especially with all the technical advances we have today. The government should build a system thats makes sure everybody has an equal opportunity to work and have a real place to call home no matter what the circumstances. Of course we all know that a lot of people bring these situations upon themselves but everybody deserves a chance to right there wrongs.Sometimes all a person needs is a second chance to get back on their feet and I dont feel enough homeless people are getting that chance in life. If the government created a program that picked up all the homeless people off these streets, cleaned them up, and provided them with descent enough paying jobs I feel it would make a positive impact on our communities. Its easy to look at a homeless person sitting on the side of the street or where ever you might find one and pass instant udgment on them but know one truly knows what that persons been through that got them to that p oint yet people still cast them out of perpetual society.All of these people living lavished lives in the suburbs with no financial worries should be contributing towards getting these homeless people off the streets but unfortunately its rare to find a rich person with that mentality to go out of their way to help the less fortunate. Handing a homeless person a few dollars is easy to do. It may be a good gesture but in reality its really not going to take him/her too far or get them out of the situation there in.The community has to do more to make bigger changes happen but it all starts with the individuals that really want the rewarding feeling of saving another persons life. Lastly, another group of people that could use some help is the older. While plenty of the antique are capable of helping themselves, there are also those who are incapable. They are plagued with conditions that keep them from being able to do certain things. I pee-pee that a high percentage of our young er generation do not seem to think of the elderly in the light that they should. This seems to be rather joint in todays society.In some cases the elderly arent capable of doing certain activities so I feel that every elderly person should be provided with publish life assistance. That type of help should not be restricted solely to a retirement home. It should be for every elderly person that can no longer perform everyday tasks. If I were in the right position of power I would create a program that allows the elderly to contact a service in which they would have a free membership to receive transportation when needed, grocery delivery, in home physical therapy and free built in security system.All elderly people deserve to have it easy after enduring such a hard, long tour called life, and for their contributions to society. These are some ideas to assist the elderly and prove our gratitude for their lives. Hopefully my opinions and thoughts on helping those in need have sparke d an inspiration for you to extend a helping hand to our society. The more compassion and care we show to the people around us, the better society we become as a whole.

Effects of the Vietnam War

Abstract While it takes societies to start wars, war changes societies. Whether it be the loss of life, wealth or influence, war determines what a society becomes. This make-up will look at some of the effects on U. S. society following the war in Viet Nam. The Effects of the Vietnam contend on American participation The Conflict in southeastward Asia had lasting effects on the United States society. It was sold to the American commonwealth as necessary to stop the spread of fabianism and quickly become one of the longest and costliest wars in U. S. history.Looking at the war strictly from the point-of-view of society, the after effects of the war were staggering. There was weakened public confidence in the government and a change in the public image of the American spend. The loss of national pride was deep. America had effectively lost a war to what Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had called a fourth-rate power. The U. S. was no longer looked at as an invincible giant. Because President Johnson wanted to fund the war without elevator taxes, the government deficit skyrocketed. Additionally, troops returning home could not find jobs in the private sector.These factors together caused double digit inflation and unemployment rates. The people felt up that the government was not taking care of them like it used to. These factors led to a change in the countrys role around the serviceman. Congress was worried that the world was viewing the U. S. as the planets policeman, ready to jump in anytime another country seemed ready to fall victim to Communism. In 1973, the mostly Democratic Congress enacted the War Powers Resolution, which limited the presidents powers. The Commander-in-Chief could only send U. S. troops into combat for less than ninety days without congressional approval.Besides the lack of jobs, returning soldiers were not given parades and hailed by the people as conquering heroes as they were following previous conflicts. Instead, they w ere viewed with disdain, both for losing the war and for the vicious actions taken by a few soldiers. The hero gave way to the villain, the soldier became the baby-killer. The American sensibilities had changed as well. While soldiers were fighting and dying in Viet Nam, the United States had a few other conflicts within its own borders. Race riots and anti-war protests were shown side by side with battlefield reports on the nightly news.National Guard intervention and the shooting of students at Kent State and Jackson State universities did little to gain support for the government. gibe to Sen. Frank Church, Viet Nam has already stretched the generation gap so wide that it threatens to pull the country apart. (Vietnam War Quotations, para. 13) Whether the outcome of the war was beneficial or detrimental depends whole on your point of view. On one hand, the more liberal attitude of government towards foreign intervention, the redefining of the right to protest and the skepticism toward the government can be looked at as positive effects of an unpopular war.On the other hand, the image of the country in the eyes of the world, the loss of traditional values and the blow to the providence can be viewed as negative. No matter what personal stance one has on the Viet Nam Conflict, there is one truth The War in Southeast Asia definitely changed the United States as a world power, as a country and as a people. References Frey-Wouters, E. , & Laufer, R. S. (1986). The Vietnam Generations Views of the Combatants. In Legacy of a war the American soldier in Vietnam. (pp. 108-109). M. E. Sharpe. Sitikoff, H. (n. d. ). The Postwar Impact of Vietnam.Universtiy of Illinois. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http//www. english. illinois. edu/maps/vietnam/postwar. htm The Vietnam War An Overview. (n. d. ). The Wars for Viet Nam 1945 to 1975. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http//vietnam. vassar. edu/overview/index. html Vietnam War and the American Economy. (n. d. ). Hi story Central. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http//www. historycentral. com/sixty/Economics/Vietnam. html Vietnam War Quotations. (n. d. ). VietnamWar. net. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http//www. vietnamwar. net/quotations/quotations. htm

Isaac Asimov Essay

Isaac Asimov, the pre-eminent popular-science writer of the day and for more than 40 years one of the best and known writers of science fictionalisation, died yesterday at New York University Hospital. He was 72 years old and lived in Manhattan. He died of heart and kidney failure, utter his brother, Stanley. Mr. Asimov was amazingly prolific, paternity or so 500 records on a wide range of subjects, from works for preschoolers to college textbooks. He was perhaps best known for his science fiction and was a pioneer in elevating the genre from pulp-magazine adventure to a more intellectual level that dealt with sociology, history, mathematics and science. except he also wrote mysteries, as well as critically acclaimed books virtually the Bible, physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, limericks, humor, Shakespeare, Gilbert and Sullivan, ancient and modern history, and many other subjects.Mr. Asimovs starting time book, Pebble in the Sky (Ballantine), a science-fiction novel, w as make in 1950. His first 100 books took him 237 months, or almost 20 years, until October 1969, to write. His second 100, a milestone he reached in March 1979, took 113 months, or ab by 9 1/2 years a rate of more than 10 books a year. His third 100 took only 69 months, until December 1984, or less than 6 years. Writing is more playing period than ever, he said in a 1984 interview. The longer I write, the easier it gets. He once explained how he came to write Asimovs Guide to Shakespeare (Crown). It began, he said, with a book called Words of apprehension. Science led to Words on the Map, he remarked, which took me to The Greeks, which led me to The Roman Republic, The Roman Empire, The Egyptians, The Near East, The Dark Ages, The Shaping of England and then Words From History.It was an hands-down jump to Words in Genesis, which brought on Words From the Exodus. That led me to Asimovs Guide to the Old Testament, and then The New Testament. So what was left except Shakespeare ? His popular routine was to awake at 6 A.M., sit down at the typewriter by 730 and work until 10 P.M. In In retentivity Yet Green, the first volume of his autobiography, published in 1979, he explained how he became a compulsive writer. His Russian-born come owned a succession of candy stores in Brooklyn that were open from 6 A.M. to 1 A.M. seven days a week. Young Isaac got up at 6 oclock every morning to quit papers and rushed home from school to sustain out in the store every subsequentlynoon. If he was even a few minutes late, his father yelled at him for being a folyack, Yiddish for sluggard. steady more than 50 years later, he wrote It is a point of pride with me that though I drive home an alarm clock, I never set it, but get up at 6 A.M. anyway. I am still showing my father Im not a folyack.He Learns to Read, Then Teaches Sister Isaac Asimov was born Jan. 2, 1920, in the Soviet Union, near Smolensk, the son of Judah and Anna Rachel Berman Asimov. He was brought to t he United States in 1923 and was effected in 1928. He taught himself to read before he was 5 years old, using the signs on his Brooklyn street. A couple of years later, with a little help from his father, he taught himself to read Yiddish. When he was 7, he taught his younger sister to read. He skipped several grades and received a high-school diploma when he was 15. After discovering science fiction on the magazine rack in his fathers store and overcoming his fathers objections to fanciful subject matter he tried writing science fiction himself and sold his first story when he was 18. The story, Marooned Off Vesta, ran in the October 1938 issue of Amazing Stories.Three years later, in 1941, he sold a story called decline to Astounding Science Fiction, then the top magazine in the field. It was edited by John W. Campbell Jr., whose ability to take in talented writers was largely responsible for what is considered the Golden Age of science fiction in the 1930s and 40s. Almost 3 0 years after Nightfall was published, the Science Fiction Writers of America voted it the best science-fiction concisely story ever written. Astounding Science paid a cent a word, Mr. Asimov once recalled. So for a 12,000-word story I expected $120. I got a check for $150 and thought Mr. Campbell had do a mistake. But when Mr. Asimov called to tell him, he said the story had seemed so good to him he gave me a bonus of one-quarter cent a word. Mr. Asimov graduated from Columbia University in 1939 with a bachelor of science degree, and clear an M.A. in 1941 and a Ph.D. in chemistry on that point in 1948.The next year, he accepted an offer from Boston Universitys School of Medicine to tutor biochemistry. I didnt feel impelled to tell them that Id never had any biochemistry, he recalled in a 1969 interview. By 1951 I was writing a textbook on biochemistry, and I finally realized the only thing I really wanted to be was a writer. He was made an associate professor of biochemistry i n 1955 and a professor in 1979, although he stopped teaching in 1958 and only occasionally went back to the university to lecture. A Science Fiction Of Verve and Clarity Mr. Asimovs science-fiction novels and stories won many awards five Hugos, given by the fans, and three Nebula Awards, given by his fellow writers. His Foundation Trilogy (all published by Doubleday) which takes place in a future galactic empire and consists of Foundation (1951), Foundation and Empire (1952) and Second Foundation (1953) was given a Hugo in 1966 as Best All-Time Science-Fiction Series.Among his nonfiction works, Asimovs New Guide to Science is considered one of the best books about science for the layman. Reviewing Foundations border (Doubleday), a sequel to the trilogy and the first of Mr. Asimovs books to make the New York Times best-seller list, the critic Gerald Jonas said in The New York Times Book Review in 1982 He writes much better than he did 33 years ago yet he has lost none of the verv e he brought to this series when he and the galaxy were much younger. What more could one ask? Foundations Edge won a Hugo in 1983 as the best science-fiction novel of the year. In recent years, Mr. Asimov wrote Foundation and Earth (1986) and Prelude to Foundation (1988). A final novel, Forward the Foundation, is to be published by Bantam Books later this year. Mr. Asimov himself made no great claims for his work. I make no effort to write poetically or in a high literary style, he said in 1984. I try only to write clearly and I have the very good fortune to think clearly so that the writing comes out as I think, in satisfactory shape.I never read Hemingway or Fitzgerald or Joyce or Kafka, he once wrote. To this day I am a stranger to 20th-century fiction and poetry, and I have no doubt that it shows in my writing. No Typist or Agent, And No Airplanes He wrote his first drafts on his typewriter, and short articles and final drafts on a word processor, and he rewrote everything only once. Its not out of conceit, he said. But I have lots of obturate Im committed to write and if I linger lovingly I wont be able to write at all. not everything, however, fell into place easily. He once did a childrens book in a day, but the Shakespeare book took two years. The book he considered his favorite, get rid of at the A.B.A. (1976), a mystery novel in which he himself was a character, took seven weeks The Gods Themselves (1972), a science-fiction novel that won both the Hugo and the Nebula awards, took seven months.I do all my own typing, my own research, answer my own mail, Mr. Asimov once said. I entert even have a literary agent. This way there are no arguments, no instructions, no misunderstandings. I work every day. Sunday is my best day no mail, no telephones. Writing is my only interest. Even speaking is an interruption. Although he wrote about space travel through countless universes and light years, Mr. Asimov himself refused to fly. Isaac says that he loves t o fly into space and span the galaxies, the editor Ben Bova once remarked. But only in his imagination. Among Mr. Asimovs other well-known science-fiction works were I, Robot (1950), in which he invented his famous Three Laws of Robotics, which govern the relation of robots to their human know robots may not injure a human or, by inaction, allow a human to be harmed robots must obey humans orders unless doing so conflicts with the first law robots must protect their own existence unless doing so conflicts with the first two laws.Robot and galactic-empire themes eventually expanded and intertwined in 14 novels. Secret of succeeder Its All in the Genes He also wrote many nonfiction works and magazine articles on a wide range of subjects and was the editorial theatre director of a magazine named after him Isaac Asimovs Science Fiction Magazine for which he wrote the editorials in each issue. He received the James T. Grady Award of the American Chemical Society in 1965 and the Amer ican Association for the Advancement of Science-Westinghouse Science Writing Award in 1967. Recently Mr. Asimov said he had had a prostate operation and was cutting back on his writing. He suspended his monthly column in Fantasy and Science Fiction magazine, to which he had contributed some four hundred columns and articles over 33 years.Writing 10 or more books a year was standard procedure for Mr. Asimov, and he continued his busy pace after a heart attack in 1977 and triple bypass surgery in 1983. I have been fortunate to be born with a mobile and efficient brain, with a capacity for clear thought and an ability to put that thought into words, he once remarked. None of this is to my credit. I am the beneficiary of a lucky break in the genetic sweepstakes. Mr. Asimov once told an interviewer about sadly contemplating death and the end of conscious thought. But, he said, he cheered himself with the thought that I dont have to worry about that, because there isnt an idea Ive ever had that I havent put down on paper.

Efeects on Moving to Another State

Shanell Broussard J. Davis English 090, 4206 03 April 2013 Effects on moving to another state Moving weed be all sorts of things. It can be fun to nearly or a worst nightmare. Sometimes moves are forced due to certain situations, such as new job or trouble in home. No matter what the reason moving to another state for anybody is somewhat difficult. I moved from New York to North Carolina a year ago. I unconquerable to move with my grandmother until I can get on my feet.For me, the specific effects of moving from peerless state to another were, meeting new mass, starting signal over and emotions. The first significant effect of moving from one state to another for me was meeting new people. Making new friends is not easy, because I am not a gregarious person which can be a detriment for me. Plus in todays society I can not trust e trulybody. Me being from New York, people tend to judge me. They may think I have a nasty attitude or that I think I am better than them because of wh ere I come from.So when I am out in the public I do settle and communicate with others once I have held a conversation with someone and tell them that I am from New York they seem surprise, because they heard of northern people being arrogant and rude. Which sometimes get annoying, I feel deal I have to put forth extra when trying to get to write out someone I want people to build their own opinion about who I am and not what they heard. I want them to see that there are some good people up north. After a few days I started being more confident in talk to people.The second significant effect of moving from one state to another is starting over in looking for a decent neighborhood, to raise my children. non knowing which areas were good or bad made the decision difficult for me. Finding the reform neighborhood was not my only issue finding the right apartment was not easy either. The area would have to be kid friendly, a community park and pool would be nice. I have to be sure if it is the place for me, for I do not plan on moving no time soon. Once that is done, I can move on to my next step which is finding the right daycare for my children to attend.Just like the doctor issue it is somewhat similar. I have to really do my research for daycares I am very nervous about leaving my children with someone I pr puzzle outically know. With younger kids that are unable to communicate the situation is harder to deal with. there are things that I have to look for such as, the cleanliness of the area, how well do the other assistants interact with the children and so forth. The third significant effect of moving from one state to another was the emotions of the love ones around me. With the big move came a lot of stress.Having to deal with the move, looking for the right daycare and doctors was not a very easy thing. But what really affected me, is when I knew I was leaving behind all my family and friends. People I known all my life were not going to be there a nymore. The children also showed signs that the move had affected them. They were moody than usual. When dropping them off at daycare they would cry and scream, sometimes they would even act out in class. I was called several times the first few weeks. Adjusting to this unfamiliar place was somewhat difficult for me.Not knowing where to turn to, feeling like I had no one to confide in was really stressful. Feeling like the move was not going to work out, like if I had failed and that I was not going to survive. People all around the world has experienced a difficult move once in there life. There go forth feel like so many hassles in a situation like this one. I had no choice but to except all that I went through. I had to be strong not only for myself, but for my children. There was no way that I would give up accomplishing something I did all on my own. So I prayed it to be over soon.

Indian Footwear Market

Brochure More information from http//www. researchand market places. com/ pennings/594216/ Indian footgear Industry depth psychology exposition Standing on the threshold of a retail revolution and witnessing a fast changing retail landscape, the Indian footgear market is set to stupefy the phenomenal growth in coming years. In past few years too, the market has seen robust growth, says Indian footwear Industry Analysis report. This report provides extensive research and in-depth analysis on the Indian footwear market.The detailed data and analysis given in the report will help the invitee to evaluate the leading-edge opportunities critical to the success of the footwear market in India. The forecasts and estimations given in this report are not based on a colonial economic model, but are intended as a rough guide to the direction in which the market is likely to move. This forecast is based on a correlation between past market growth and growth of base drivers.Key Findings The Indian footwear retail market is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 20% for the period spanning from 2008 to 2011. footwear is expected to comprise about 60% of the total leather exports by 2011 from over 38% in 2006-07. Presently, the Indian footwear market is dominated by Mens footwear market that accounts for nearly 58% of the total Indian footwear retail market. By products, the Indian footwear market is dominated by casual footwear market that makes up for nearly two-third of the total footwear retail market. As footwear retailing in India remain foc enforced on mens shoes, there exists a plethora of opportunities in the exclusive ladies and kids footwear segment with no organized retailing chain having a national presence in either of these categories. The Indian footwear market scores over new(prenominal) footwear markets as it gives benefits like low cost of production, abundant raw material, and has huge consumption market. The footwear component intentness also h as enormous fortune for growth to cater to increasing production of footwear of various types, both for export and domestic market.Key Issues & Facts Analyzed Where India stands in the global footwear market? What are the advantages that Indian footwear market gives? What is the past and future performance of Indian footwear market? Which are the fastest growing products of Indian footwear market? What are the growth prospects of the Indian footwear market? What are the key challenges for the footwear market? What is the present status of ethnic footwear market in India? Who are the key players in the Indian footwear market? Key Players This section provides business overview and financial status of key players in the Indian footwear market.The key players discussed in the report are Bata India Ltd. , Liberty Shoe Ltd. , Khadim India Ltd. , Adidas AG, NIKE Inc. and puma AG. explore Methodology Used Information Sources Information has been sourced from books, newspapers, trade jou rnals, and white papers, industry portals, government agencies, trade associations, monitoring industry news and developments, and through access to more than 3000 paid databases. Analysis Methods The analysis method includes ratio analysis, historical turn analysis, linear regression analysis using software tools, judgmental forecasting, and cause and effect analysis.Contents 1. Analyst View 2. orbicular footwear marketplace 2. 1 By Value 2. 2 By Volume 2. 3 By Region 3. India in Context of Global Footwear marketplace 3. 1 By output 3. 2 By Consumption 3. 3 By exporting 4. Factors Making the Indian Footwear merchandise Attractive 4. 1 Low Cost of merchandise 4. 2 Variety & Abundance of Raw Material 4. 3 Large Domestic Consumption Market 4. 4 World Class Institutional buy at for Designing & Testing 4. 5 Growing Fashion & Brand Consciousness 4. 6 Rising Living Standard 4. 7 Increasing Use of trust Cards 4. 8 Government Support 5. Indian Footwear Market 5. Overview 5. 2 Reg ional Segmentation 5. 3 Market Performance 5. 3. 1 By Product 5. 3. 1. 1 Casual Footwear 5. 3. 1. 2 potty Footwear 5. 3. 1. 3 Sports Footwear 5. 3. 1. 4 subvention Leather Footwear 5. 3. 1. 5 insurance premium Non-leather Footwear 5. 3. 2 By Target Segment 5. 3. 2. 1 Mens Footwear 5. 3. 2. 2 Womens Footwear 5. 3. 2. 3 Childrens Footwear 5. 3. 3 By Branded & Non-branded 5. 3. 4 By Structure 5. 3. 4. 1 Organized Footwear 5. 3. 4. 2 Unorganized Footwear 5. 3. 5 By constituent 5. 3. 6 By Material 5. 3. 6. 1 Leather Footwear 5. 3. 6. 2 Non-leather Footwear 6.Indian pagan Footwear Market 7. Future Growth Prospects 7. 1 Women & Kids Footwear 7. 2 International Brands 7. 3 Franchised Operations 7. 4 RFID & Barcode Readers 7. 5 Employment 8. Growth Restraints 8. 1 Environmental Issues 8. 2 Lack of Proper Distribution channel 8. 3 Lack of Quality Retail Space 8. 4 Labor Laws 8. 5 Increasing Thefts & Frauds 9. Future of Indian Footwear Market 9. 1 Footwear Retail Market 9. 1. 1 By Value 9. 1. 2 By Volume 9. 2 Footwear Export Market 10. Key Industry Contributors 10. 1 Indian Brands 10. 1. 1 Bata India Ltd. 10. 1. 2 Liberty Shoes Ltd. 0. 1. 3 Khadim India Ltd. 10. 2 Global Brands 10. 2. 1 Adidas AG 10. 2. 2 NIKE, Inc. 10. 2. 3 Puma AG come of Tables Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 4-1 Emerging Economies Comparative Per Hour Labor Cost (in US$), 2006 6-1 India List of Ethnic Footwear by State 10-1 Bata India Ltd. Key Financials (%), 2006 & Mar 2007 10-2 Liberty Shoes Ltd. Key Financials (%), Jun 2007 & Dec 2007 10-3 Adidas AG Key Financials (%), 2006 & Sep 2007 10-4 NIKE, Inc. Key Financials (%), Nov 2007 & Dec 2007 10-5 Puma AG Key Financials (%), 2006 & Sep 2007List of radiation patterns figure conception Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 2-1 Global* Footwear Market (in Billion US$), 2003-2007 2-2 Global* Footwear Market (in Billion Pair), 2003-2007 2-3 Global Footwear Production by Region (%), 2005 2-4 Global Footwear Consumption by Region (%), 2005 3-1 Global Leading Footwear Producing Countries (%), 2005 3-2 Global Leading Footwear Consuming Countries (%), 2005 3-3 India plowshare of Leather Footwear Export in Global Import (%), 2002-2005 3-4 India Share of Non-leather Footwear Export in Global Import (%), 2002-2005 3-5 Emerging Economies* Top Ten Footwear Exporters (%), 2006 3-6 India Footwear Export by Destination (%), 2004-05 4-1 India race (in Million), 2002-2007E 4-2 India Forecast for Population (in Million), 2008-2012 4-3 India Per Head Disposable Income (in US$), 2002-2007E 4-4 India Forecast for Per Head Disposable Income (in US$), 2008-2012 5-1 India Footwear Retail Market (in Rs Crore), 2004-2007E 5-2 India Footwear Retail Market (in Billion Pair), 2003-2007 5-3 India Share of Rural & Urban Regions in Clothing & Footwear Consumption (%), 2005 5-4 India Footwear Retail Market* by Product (%), 2006 5-5 India Casual FootwearRetail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-6 India Mass Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-7 India Sports Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-8 India Premium Leather Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-9 India Premium Non-leather Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-10 India Footwear Retail Market* by Target Segment (%), 2006 5-11 India Mens Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-12 India Womens Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-13 India Childrens Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-14 India Share of Branded & Non-branded Footwear Market (%), 2007 5-15 India Structure of Footwear Retail Market (%), 2006 5-16 India Share of Footwear Market in Organized Retail Sector (%), 2005 5-17 Ind ia Organized Footwear Retail Market (in Rs Crore), 2004-2007E 5-18 India Unorganized Footwear Retail Market (in Rs Crore), 2004-2007E 5-19 India Export of Footwear Component (in Million US$), 2003-04 to 2006-07 5-20 India Export of Footwear Component by Destination (%), 2006-07 5-21 India Export of Leather Footwear (in Million US$), 2001-02 to 2006-07 5-22 India Export of Non-leather Footwear (in Million US$), 2004-05 to 2006-07 7-1 India RFID Consideration by Retailer (%), 2008F Figure Figure Figure Figure 7-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 India India India India Retailers Using Barcode Technology (%), 2005 Forecast for Footwear Retail Market (in Rs Crore), 2008-2011 Forecast for Footwear Retail Market (in Billion Pair), 2008-2012 Export of Footwear (in Billion US$), 2007 & 2011F Ordering Order Online http//www. researchandmarkets. com/reports/594216/ Order by Fax using the form beneath Order by Post print the order form below and send to Research and Markets, Guinness Centre, Taylors La ne, Dublin 8, Ireland. 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Sethu Sethunarayanan

1. Explain in detail what theories and concepts you learned in class are helpful to understand the case. The case discusses an entrepreneur named Sethu Sethunarayanan, who invented and marketed an innovative fix to help poor Irula people (an Indian tribe) catch keisters more efficiently. He is the founder of the Center for Development of Disadvantaged People (CDDP) wholeness of a hardly a(prenominal) recognized non-profit organizations in India. The case is an example how technological innovation and human capital advise be physical exertiond to improve the life for the poor.This rump-trap entrepreneurship was a sociable entrepreneurship beca subroutine the inventor used the resources to cater to the needs of poor people. Prior to the innovation of the new trap, Irula villagers needed to use their mouths and their work force to catch the betrayers now their health was heavily affected when touching the rats. After talking to a rat-catchers wife, Sethu realized that there w as a problem and with the instinct of an entrepreneur, he knew that there would be an opportunity for him to solve the problem and improve the lives of Irula people.With the help of a mechanical engineer, Sethu developed a new trap to help people catch rats without contacting directly to the rats and the hot area of the trap. The values created from this innovation were a expose health and a better income for rat-catchers. A concept test was implemented to fifteen rat catchers to see whether it worked. This was an important process to determine whether the entrepreneur needed to revise his innovation. After six iterations in eight months, the trap met most of the needs of the rat catchers. Sethu then applied for the deal from the World Bank to commercialize the innovation.It was a good choice of raising fund since social entrepreneurships usu tout ensembley do non attract numerous investors (because the aim is not for profit but for a better life of people). Sethu also planned va rious processes for the implementation of the project. Firstly, he place the market which consisted of 1,500 neediest villagers and communicated the benefits of the new trap directly to this segment by visiting their villages. Secondly, Sethu created more values for customers by creating the womens microcredit property, which operated like loans and enabled women to afford a trap.These funds helped bring the traps to more villagers. Thirdly, he chose the right people to take care of the production. Since the young and unmarried women were selected to be the workers, the men and the boys were kept for catching the rats. Finally, he already thought of the exit strategy when the demand for the traps decreased. In much(prenominal) a situation, the factory would produce other steel products that were useful for Irula people. 2. What were crucial factors that determined supremacy or failure? The success of the rat trap entrepreneurship was contributed by numerous factors.Firstly, it w as due to the human capital Irula people. Although Irula young women were illiterate, they were able to produce the traps by themselves aft(prenominal) being instructed. Selecting these women to operate the factory was a wise strategy because it made Irula people feel proud of their tribe. These workers might also persuade and instruct their relatives and neighbors to use the traps. As a result, the customer base for the business would be enlarged. Secondly, the technology innovation was also an important factor. It was the simplicity of the trap that made it usable for Irula people, 99% of whom were illiterate.Sethu and the mechanic engineer spent eight months inventing and testing the trap before it met all the needs of the rat catchers. If the trap was more complex, Irula people could not use it and the entrepreneurship would take a failure. Thirdly, the $98,500 grant from the World Bank served as the source for Sethu to implement his business plan. The plan included more add ressly processes such as health checks and treatments for the beneficiaries, building factory, training employees, and production. Without the fund of the World Bank laying the foundation, Sethu might not be able to start the business.Lastly, Sethu seemed to be the first wizard who addressed the problem in how Irula people catch rats, so he had the first-mover advantage. In addition, it was not apparent that other social entrepreneurs would come and compete with Sethu in the near future. Hence, the Irulas did not have other choices but use Sethus new traps if they precious to change the way to catch rats. 3. What characteristics of the entrepreneur enabled their success? Sethu had many characteristics of an ideal social entrepreneur. Among those characteristics, the thing distinguishing him from others may be his concern for the community.Being inspired by Mahatma Gandhi the Father of the Nation, Sethu always thought of ways to bring a better life for the poor in India. This is p robably the reason why he realized the problem of the old way of catching rats of the Irulas and did not stop mentation of a solution. In addition, Sethu obtained an appropriate tuition and experience in doing social entrepreneurship. Sethu studied in Gandhis school in India, where he was instructed to use Gandhis regularity to improve lives for the poor, solve human conflicts and introduce new ideas.After graduation, he worked for an NGO to accumulate experience before establishing his own NGO in 1998. His education and experience were the foundation for his innovativeness, which contributed to the invention of the rat trap. Finally, the most vital factor leading to the success of the entrepreneurship was Sethus risk-taking attitude. What would happen if the trap failed when applying to a large go away even though it was successful in the concept test or if the Irula refused to use the trap anyway?In such a situation, Sethu would lose all the exists in health checking and trea tment for the rat catchers, building the factory, training the employees and so on. More importantly, his prestige would be adversely affected since he was awarded the grant from the World Bank but failed to use it effectively. Despite all these risks, he still continued with the business because he believed in his idea and in the Irulas. 4. What were problems encountered by the entrepreneur and how did the entrepreneur deal with the problems? How did the entrepreneur overcome the problems?When implementing the project, Sethu did face just about problems. Firstly, it was the resistance from the Irula people. They refused to meet Sethu and CDDP volunteers because they think Sethu and the volunteers were from some politic parties. Knowing that Irula people wanted to involve and did not like free things, Sethu triggered their interest by approaching them personally, explaining the serious health problems with the old trap and asking them whether they wanted to change their lives. The jiffy problem was the selection of the workers for the factories.Because the men and the boys needed to catch rats while the wives and the old women were taking cooking roles in families, Sethu chose young, unmarried women to be the workers. He even transferred the ownership of the factory to these women so that they felt more motivated to control the production. The third problem was that Irula people were not be able to afford the trap at $25. CDDP solved this problem by launching the womens microcredit collectives. In particular, a group of 12-15 women contributed m hotshoty to form a fund.When a woman wanted to steal a trap but could only afford 50% payment, she received the trap and paid the rest to the microcredit fund. Such a fund made the traps become more affordable for the Irulas. Perhaps the most serious problem was that the business did not bring profit, at least in the recent future. The production cost per unit was $27 ($22 for raw materials and $5 for labor) but th e selling price was only $25. To deal with this problem, Sethu used bootstrapping as the financing method for the entrepreneurship when he tried to save unnecessary costs. For example, he asked the Irulas to return the trap if they did not use it.In addition, Sethus son successfully negotiated with the supplier to lower the material cost (from $28 to $25) and the cost savings was then reinvested in the factory. 5. Given the knowledge and skills you acquired in class, would you have done anything differently and if yes, what? There may be some alternatives to deal with the mentioned problems. Firstly, we can use the power of the influential group to persuade the Irulas to use the trap. By identifying some influential people, for example the tribal chief, in a village and convincing them to use the new trap, we can spread the benefits of the new trap to other villagers faster.It is because the Irula people still live with tribe culture, they will likely to follow what the tribal chief does. Secondly, instead of selling the traps to the Irulas people, we can employ them as our employees and pay them salaries. The salaries will have one fixed portion and one variable portion based on the number of rats a person can catch. We will receive money from the farm owners and distribute to the catchers. By employing the Irulas as our employees, we solve the problem that some Irula people wish to use but do not afford the new trap.What is more, when putting them in a guild and considering them as our employees, we also help educate them and reduce their illiteracy. 6. What would be the next steps you would take to successfully proceed? To continue the success of the entrepreneurship, firstly, we must prevail ways to earn money because no business can maintain forever without profit. Initially, the selling price was at $25, which was $3 lower than the production cost. We can continue working with the supplier (the steel maker company, in this case it was Tata Steel) or ev en change to other suppliers to further reduce the cost.On the other hand, we could supply new complementary products/services to earn profits and help offset the losses in the rat-trap product line. Notice that the new trap helped catch rat 95% efficiency and helped doubled or even tripled their incomes, the Irula people would earn more money to spend for their living expenses. For instance, we could provide maintaining services for the traps and charge a certain level of money, depending on the current economic situation of the rat catchers. Or it might also sell hand sanitizers for the Irula people to wash their hands after using the trap.When the Irulas income increased, these complementary products were likely to be purchased widely because the Irula people cared more about their health. In addition, we can work with the owners of the farms to increase the payoffs for Irula people. The old method of catching rats is extremely inefficient, affects the plants on the fields and c auses pollution. We will approach the farmers explain to them the efficiency and the benefits of the new trap, and convince them to employ rat catchers who use the new traps. Lastly, a more efficient trap can be produced.The current new trap can only catch one rat at one time, which is very inefficient. We can apply new technology to catch many rats at one time. For example, rats are affected by certain electromagnetic waves. By putting some wave generators at the fields, the rats are hurt and will come out of their burrows. Then the Irulas might catch the rats more easily. Because the costs for such systems might be high, we will need to obtain a certain level of profits before trying the new technology. Furthermore, we can also seek funds from external sources.

Cost Cut Theory

Ritter explained. the bigger loss, of course, is the future value of the property, according to the financial analysts. if you left the $10,000 in for 20 years and it earned 8 percent, that would exhaust amounted to $46,600, Ritter noted. Ritter said that taking m wholenessy out of a 401(k) planas either a loan or a harm withdrawal heap be a false solution that keeps the person in crisis from taking earmark action, such as selling the house, getting another job, or sliceting expenses. You need a systemic solution, something thats going to change your household cash flow, he said. liberto said another reason to overturn a hardship withdrawal in the current market is that the employee would be borrowing funds that have dropped in value, with no chance to recoup the loss when the market recovers.Barbara Bird, a management professor and entrepreneurship gifted at american university in Washington, d. c. , said that at this time of such dramatic financial upheaval, companies can h elp employees by providing financial education. a lot of people out there dont know what diversification means, she said, or what the difference is between stocks and bonds. Bird said that some people who scram hardship withdrawals do not understand the tax consequences until april. companies can set up training classes or communicate through a newsletter or Web page, she added. one of the things theater directors need to do in times of crisis is to communicate, Bird said, to share as much as they can about whats natural event at the troupe as the financial situation plays out nationally. q MaRcH 2009 COST-CUTTING TIPS, TACTICS & STRATEGIESInTRODuCeHDHPsTOCuTHeALTHCAReCOsTs Issuein 2005, a business services company sought to cut its health care monetary values by introducing high deductible health plans ( HdHps) to its employees in hopes of increasing its enrollment. Responsealong with the HdHp options, we also started offering health savings accounts that included employer cont ributions to these accounts, the benefits administrator at the 225-employee firm told us. Resultthese new plans increased our participation in 2006 65 percent of our employees who participate in the health program are covered in one of he HdHp plans, the benefits administrator added. due to the increased enrollment in 2006 and the reduced claims experience, we were able to offer our plans to employees in 2007 with no increase in premium amounts. Issuea 400-employee transportation company was looking for mere(a) changes to its benefits plan that would keep costs from rising more than 8 percent. Responseour principal move was to couplet an increase in deductibles with a contribution increase, the controller told us. Formerly, we also included dental coverage with the cost of medical. now, we charge additional amounts for it. Finally, we increased copayments for our drug program. Resultincreasing the deductibles saved the company roughly $150,000. and to diminish the sting of these increases to employees, we supplemented our life offering, which was viewed positively, the controller added. CHAnGeyOuRCOnTRIBuTIOnTIeRs Issue the benefits manger at a new York-based hotel, hospitality, and lodging company was looking for a way to change its contribution toward health care coverage to help cut costs.ResponseWe changed from a two-tiered contribution single and family to a four-tiered contribution (single, couple, single with child(ren), and family). it was done during open enrollment for 2007 benefits, the benefits manager told ioMa. Resultit enabled us to reduce costs. Many associates with dual coverage opted out as the family plan went up by 105 percent for a contribution. it went from $22 per week to $46. www. ioma. com/HR 15

Application of Evidenced †Based Practice Essay

Application of Evidenced-establish Practice Regarding pediatric Patients and Otitis Media 1 speed head Application of Evidenced - base PracticeApplication of Evidence- ground PracticeRegarding Pediatric Patients and Otitis MediaRunning head Application of Evidence-based Practice 2The nursing practice heavily relies on the sev timelize based clinical information to determine current standards of practice within the nursing scope of practice. A military of informational journals and peer reviewed terms are readily available to help guide the decisions placed into practice. The maintain is responsible for recognizing the superior of evidence collected to improve the standard of dispense uncomplainings receive. This paper will investigate four conditions regarding the portion care and treatment of the pediatric community with otitis media. In addition, an appropriate exhortation for antibiotic therapy will be made based on information gathered during the res pinnulech. To an swer the question of whether a wait-and -see approach is recommended, an sign validation of the information collected must be determined. Four articles will be assessed based on the attribute of research collected as filtered, unfiltered, or general information. The source will be investigated as inappropriate or appropriate. Lastly, the articles will be classified as primary research evidence, evidence drumhead, or evidence-based guideline. In addition to the four articles, a study and interview from current patients of the clinic will be discussed. The depression article by the American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians discusses the diagnosing and management of bang-up otitis media. This article is a filtered resource as several large studies have been completed on the topic. The article is from a reliable and reputable source and is determined to be appropriate. The type of research is an evidence summary as good as providing evidenced based guidelines for practice. The second article by The Pediatric infected disease Journal provides unfiltered information. The author Dr. Block discusses evidenced collected within studies of her own as well as collected data from Running head Application of Evidenced-based practice 3previous studies and as a result the article is mainly primary research. This source would be considered inappropriate for a nurse evaluating a standard practice to recommend. The information presented within the article is too broad and does not recommend a outstrip practice standard. The article is an unfiltered article based on the foundation of a inner circle of studies and expert opinion presented. A physician may find this article useful if investigating which pathogen would best respond to a specific antibiotic. The third article is a general informative resource for the clinic to admit evidence based practice. The resource is a filtered article which provides appropriate information relating to general practice. The research is evidence summary as well as evidence-based guideline. This article provides general information regarding pain and treatment of ear problems. This article may by appropriate for the diagnosis of specific ear conditions and treatments however may not be appropriate to determine if a wait-and-see approach is back up. The last article reviewed discusses treatment of otitis media in an era of increasing microbial resistance. This is an unfiltered resource and appropriate for find if a practice change should be implemented. The type of research is evidence summary and evidence-based guidelines. This article would support an evidenced based approach to support a change of practice within the clinic. Finally, interviews collected from patients who utilize the clinic is unfiltered information and inappropriate to base a clinical change of practice. The type of research is primary research evidence. This information may be helpful for determining the type of culture who utilizes the clinic and how accepting the community may perceive a change in practice. every pieces of information collected has valuable information, however from nursing standards an article should present current evidence based practice standards.Running headApplication of Evidenced-based Practice 4 The evidence presented within one article supports a watchful waiting approach to treating acute ear infections in children. Data is strongly supported with evidenced based practice guiding the appropriate course of treatment as prescribed by physicians. For example, The American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians have provided a practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media. This article should be considered the gold standard of practice for physicians and presents filtered information. The article resolvely provided recommendations based on the presentation of the patient in addition to practice standards. The article is current and is supported by regulatory licensing agencies. Future research goals are also discussed along with current recommendations. This informative practice guideline should be reviewed with extra information to fully support a practice change within the clinic. However, additional current studies would be required to implement a change of practice with to a greater extent supportive data. Considering duple resources were obtained to investigate a change in practice, some articles were outdated and referenced studies which may not be applicable to modern practice. In conclusion, research does support a more watchful approach to treating patients more supportive current data would be required so an informed decision can be made.To implement a policy change within a clinic, a committee should be establish to review current evidence based literature to support a change in practice. A review of current recommendations for practices can be investigated along with a dis cussion with a larger pediatric medical rapidity. Having a better understanding of current trends from neighboring establishments can better prepare the facility for a change in practice. Educational information should be prepared for parents to establish a clear understanding of why a practice change has been implemented. Nursing will have a life-sustaining role in educating families and possibly reminding practitioners of practice Running head Application of Evidenced-based practice 5 recommendations. By the nursing module having the knowledge of best practice, they can barrack a higher quality of care for their patients. Ethical concerns and vulnerable populations should be considered when researching and changing clinical practiceguidelines.The practitioner and nursing staff must assure they are implementing practice changes to improve quality of care for their patients. Well supported and researched standards should only be implemented. The patient population of the clinic should not be uses as a test group or population without prior knowledge or informed consent. During the process of informed consent, all risks must be explained to the patient and family. Patients must be educated by the practitioners and nursing staff regarding the implementation of a new practice. The staff must be aware of credible resources for data collection and applications to practice. Reassurance of protecting patient privacy should be discussed with patients and parents. The nurses must continue to advocate for human rights during the research process by identifying vulnerable populations. These populations may involve children, pregnant woman, elderly, and cultural differences. If any language barriers exist, the nursing staff should be prepared to have climb up communication methods. State and federal guidelines must be followed during any research process and advocate for those who cannot advocate for themselves.ReferencesBlock, S.L. (2008). Causative Pathogens, Anti biotic Resistance and Therapeutic Considerations in Acute Otitis Media. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 15(4), 448-456.Hay, W.W., Levin, J.J, Sondheimer, & Deterding, R.R. (2006). circulating(prenominal) pediatric diagnosis and treatment. Ear, Nose and Throat. (pp. 159-492). Denver, Colorado Lange.McCracken, G.H. (1998). Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in an Era of Increasing microbial Resistance. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 17(6), 576-579.American Academy of Pediatrics. (2004). Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media, 113(5), 1451-1465.

Drugs Addiction

Al Akhawayn University Center for academic Development Information Literacy Skills 1212 Fall 2010 The moves of do dosess dependance Prepargond by ABDELAZIZ Under the supervision of Dr. AHMED KABEL The causes of do drugss habituation AddictionNowadays, drugs dependency is considered as one of the nigh widespread phenomena in our modern societies. Everyone in this modern world has befit aware of the dangerous consequences of being drug addicted, yet opium, cocaine, marijuana, cannabis, and legion(predicate) other kinds of drugs deport been used for centuries and are still widely used today by a large proportion of hoi polloi from diametric duration, sex, and economic status. But, before looking at the factors that push people to take drugs, let us source define drug addiction.According to Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER), Drug addiction is a dependence on a street drug or a medication. When youre addicted, you may non be able to control yo ur drug use and you may continue using the drug despite the damage it causes. Drug addiction can cause an intense craving for the drug. You may want to quit, but most people find they cant do it on their own. In fact, people often underestimate the coloniality of drugs addiction and the fact that it has become a contemporary illness that is similar to other chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, or heart disease.Moreover, many people used to think that people addicted to drugs were just virtuously weak hence, they believe that drug execrationrs are able to stop this habit if they are yet unforced to do so. However, recent scientific advances have permited us to know much more about how exactly habit-forming drugs impact and change the maven, and how stopping drug abhorrence is very complex and non only a matter of willpower. But, the real problem is that many people still do not have a clear idea about the causes behind addiction.For most of them, according to Hamid G hodse, the cause or causes of drug dependence are not known, or more specifically, it is not known why do some(a) people become addicted while others in the same situation do not (10). The causes of drugs addiction are numerous and very attached with each other, but the most important factors that interact to whizz to this phenomenon are soulfulnesss biology, social environment, and age or exhibit of development.It is, obviously, very important to regularize whether contagious factors play a significant role in the parade of addiction or not at all. Actually, finding genes which predispose to drugs addiction may undoubtedly be very helpful since it will aid in the identification of the biological make fores involved in the addiction condition and ultimately allow the development of treatments to counteract the abnormal end-point of the processes (Paul R. Buckland, 1769).Therefore, countless researches, studies, and genetic approaches have been ongoing for many years in order to find any association or linkage between genetic factors and drugs addiction. As a matter of fact, many of these researches could come up with with child(p) results and very useful conclusions. For instance, Hamid Ghodse stated in his keep Drugs and Addictive Behaviour A take aim to treatment that the discovery within the body of endogenous receptor systems for a number of psychoactive substances has revived interest in a link between drug dependency and genetic predisposition (19).In addition, according to the study launch on Drug Abuse (NIDA), genes that people are born with, in combination with environmental influences, account for about half of their addiction vulnerability. In the same context and quoting from experts, Abramovitz, Melissa wrote in her article titled Addiction that genetic factors that affect how the brain responds to drugs play a big part in pushing people toward drug addiction, and researches have prime several genes linked to nicotine, cocaine, and alcohol addiction. Also, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER) reported that erstwhile a person has started using a drug, the development into addiction may be influenced by familial traits. Therefore, most of researchers confirm the idea that genetic factors play a crucial rule in the process of addiction. However, Paul R. Buckland came up with so many important results, which are in fact a fine bit different from the ones stated above, by reviewing and evaluating almost all the studies and evidence that claim the existence of genetic factors in the process of addiction.So, he found that the phenotype for addiction to drugs is not well defined, and the heritability of addiction to drugs of abuse is further from clear and may be small compared to that of many other complex disorders (1773). Moreover, he concluded grammatical construction that many candidate genes put forward so far as susceptibility genes may be unrelated to the underlying process referred to as addiction but, kinda, are related to the propensity to take drugs in the first place (1769, 1770). But, that does not mean that there is no association between genetic factors and addiction process.In fact, Paul R. Buckland himself has confirmed that there are some genetic studies that have reported a great number of success and could ultimately find some linkage between genes and addiction, but he cease highlighting the need for even larger samples and new statistical methods or new experimental approaches to discern fully the genes involved in the disease process (1771, 1772). Of course, genetic factors are not the only cause behind drug addiction no one can become addicted to drugs if s/he has never started using drugs.Accordingly, there may be other factors that affect the predisposition to drugs abuse. Actually, a persons environment includes many different influences that seem to play a significant role in initial drug use. At the first glance, it may spring to many peoples minds that local anaesthetic social problems such as poverty, ignorance, unemployment, break-up of local communities, drug pushers are the main causes of drugs addiction, but according to Hamid Ghodse these often-repeated phrases may well be contributory factors,but they are not the causes of drug dependence (11).On the other hand, the National wreak on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER) two consider environmental factors, including ones familys beliefs and attitudes, exposure to a peer group that encourages drug use, the socioeconomic status and quality of life in general, as the most important influencers that shape addictive behaviour.In fact, Hamid Ghodse, also, illustrates these factors clearly by showing us how peer networks can provide opportunities for drug use and foul this behaviour (16) and how the importance of peer networks reflect the support or lack of support that the child is receiving at home and the imp ortance of the parent-child relationship as a protective factor against the use of drugs (16).Therefore, he gives us some situations in which family may play a significant role in the initiation of drug abuse Factors such as family disruption, criminality and drug abuse of parents and siblings have all been identified as important predisposing factors for drug abuse later on, as have inadequate or ineffective agnatic supervision and enforcement of ruleswhile satisfactory family relationships and climate, and emotional support to adolescents are influences that appear to delay or mitigate initiation into drug use, they can only be developed over a long catch of time and attempts to make up for their absence by measures such as a sharp growing in parental control of the adolescents behaviour may lead to increased rather than diminished drug abuse (16). In addition to genetic and environmental factors, the age or the stage at which a person starts consuming drugs may have a conside rable impact on the process of becoming drugs addicted. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Although taking drugs at any age can lead to addiction, the earlier that drug use begins, the more likely it is to mature to more serious abuse. For instance, one study concerning alcohol addiction which is almost the same as the field of study of drug addiction showed that teens who begin drinking alcohol with their friends before age 15 are 4 times likelier to become alcoholic than are people who wait until age 21 to drink (National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), quoted in Abramovitz, Melissa). In the same context, Hamid Ghodse said that adolescent drug abuse is of particular importance not only because of the potential for drug-induced harm in a young person but also because taking drugs in childhood and adolescence is a strong predictor for drug abuse in adulthood (17). Moreover, observations as such, he said, have led to theories that suggest that using one drug leads on the consumption of more dangerous drugs with a higher dependence liability (17).Besides, one other reason that we may discover when seeking causes that are related to the stage of initiating using drugs is prescriptions. According to Hamid Ghodse, most of drug-dependent individuals have personality disorders such as low self-esteem and confidence, high anxiety, low assertiveness, and tendency towards hypochondria, so they begin to take some sedatives and tranquillizers or even drugs as self-medication or as treatment convinced(p) by a doctor to overcome these problems (15, 17). The problem is that many people become addicted to these treatments by continuing using them as Jeffrey Kluger shows in his article The virgin Drug Crisis Addiction by Prescription.According to Kluger many people become addicted to some prescriptions such as Opioid, Oxycontin, Vicodin, and Hydrocodone while trying to find a treatment to some diseases like cancer pain. In conclusion, it is true tha t taking drugs for the first time may be a voluntary decision, but factors such us persons biology, social environment, and age or stage of development undoubtedly play a considerable role in the process of addiction. Genetic factors that affect how the brain responds to drugs and environmental factors, including familys beliefs and attitudes, peers ethics and behaviour, and socioeconomic status, in addition to the socialisation and the age or the stage at which a person starts using drugs all contribute in shaping addictive behaviour.The problem with drugs is that once a person starts consuming them, s/he may not be able to give up abusing them hence, we should all be aware that drugs addiction is not just a normal habit that we can stop whenever we want, but rather a complex illness and a serious disease that makes the consumer lose self-control and ability to make right decisions. In fact, drugs addiction is a contemporary chronic disease that can cause harmful long-term consequ ences not only on the user but also on those around him, but as a matter of fact we can prevent ourselves from all these troubles by just avoiding initiating its causes. Works Cited Abramovitz, Melissa. Addiction. Current wellness 2 Sep 1999 26. Print. Buckland, Paul R. Will We Ever Find the Genes for Addiction? Addiction, volume 103 number 11, November 2008, pp 1768-1776. Jeffrey, Kluger. The New Drug Crisis Addiction by Prescription. Time September 13, 2010 p46-49. Print. Ghodse, Hamid. Drugs and Addictive Behaviour A Guide to Treatment. London University of Cambridge Press. 2002. Print. Mayo Clinic staff. Drug Addiction, MayoClinic. com, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2009, web. November 2010. (http//www. mayoclinic. com/ health/ drug-addiction/DS00183). National Institute on Drug Abuse, Drug Abuse and Addiction, MedicineNet. com, MedicineNet. Inc, 2010, Web. 21 November 2010. (http//www. medicinenet. com/ drug_abuse/article. htm).

Define and explain Orientalism Essay

Europeans used the marches Orient to describe the plentys and places of Asia and the Middle East. While widely accepted prior to the late twentieth century, this name has aroused criticism among historians. The purpose of this essay is also define and explain Orientalism, and how the term Orientalist applies to Christian missionaries in the Far East. Two main examples of these missionaries ar Matteo Ricci and Francis Xavier who served in mainland china and lacquer respectively. Both of these missionaries fall under the definition of Orientalists as defined by Edward Said.Edward Said defines Orientalism in multiple qualitys the first of which is the academic1. donnish Orientalism is the study of the Orient for the purpose of understanding and learning. Modern historians batch the term Orient to be too vague for an ara as large as Asia, still it is still widely used passim the world. Academic Orientalism attempts to study and understand the Orient from afar. Professors o f Chinese language who consecrate never spoken with a Chinese person are a common example of this detached intellectualism. Often in eighteenth Century Europe the Orientalist would study and judge the Orient based on second hand intimacy and conjecture. This view of understanding the Orient advance than the Oriental without living it leads into the second part of Orientalism2.The second part of Orientalism as defined by Said is the justification of oppressiveness. Europeans believed that due to their better understanding of the history of a culture, and their superior culture they needed to dominate different cultures in order to improve them. Arthur James Balfour, a member of the British parliament once said in reference to Egypt We are in Egypt not merely for the sake of the Egyptians, though we are there for their sake we are there also for the sake of Europe at large3. Balfour meant by this that British occupation of Egypt was necessary for the protection of the Egyptians and for the benefit of all Europe. Balfour and different Orientalist believed that they understood Egypt better than the Egyptians themselves, and for this reason governed Egypt for the benefit of Egypt. This form of justification was used throughout the Orient. China, India, Philippines and others were all suppress on the justification of the white mans burden. The idea of the burden of the white race to civilize inferior races was a key part of Orientalism.4One of the main points of Orientalism is the division of humanity into us and them. The Occidental and the Oriental, East and West, these are divisions created by Europeans in order to dominate the other. By separating the peoples an Orientalist croupe justify the subjugation and agonistic diversity of other races. Saids overall point is that Orientalism was created by Europeans in order to justify the subjugation of the Orientals. Cultural and intellectual superiority and the separation of us and them led to three hundred years of European imperialism in the so called Orient.5In order to understand how Orientalism affected Missionaries in China and Japan, one(a) moldiness(prenominal) first understand the Orientalists views of foreign religions. Most Orientalists were Christians and therefore believed all none Christians were destined for hell. This, fishily enough, even applied to pre-Christians such as Aristotle and Abraham. In Dantes Inferno both these men are in the first layer of Hell, even though Christianity did not exist during their lifetimes. So from this intolerant view one can see the basic attitude towards non-Christians. Muslims, Hindu and Buddhists were all considered pagan that needed the intelligence information of Jesus to save them from eternal damnation. The Churchs commission to preach the gospel of Christ to some(prenominal) creature also lays upon her the task of inviting all to accept Christ as Lord and Saviour and to espouse his Church through baptism.6 With this beli ef in mind Christian Missionaries went to the Orient to save the heathens and convert them to the one true faith, whether they wanted too or not.7One of the earliest Christian Missionaries forefather Matteo Ricci of the Society of Jesus, better kn admit as the Jesuits, arrived in China in 1582 after a four month trip from Goa. He was a Roman Catholic priest who was trained the capital of Italy in numerous subjects. The Jesuits were the most well educated order within the Catholic Church for this reason they were particularly well suitable for missionary work in Asia. The Jesuit tactic was too convert the social elites and then have their support in the conversion of the masses.This worked particularly well in Asia due to the strict social structures and relatively good training of the elites. Also the far-flung belief in Confucianism fit well with Christianity. Ricci said in his work The True Idea of God, the Confucian Classics contained allusions, albeit in an inchoate manner, to such Christian notions as God and a future life.8 Well educated bureaucrats in China respected Riccis education and intelligence, and were arouse in the Western ideas he possessed9. Techniques such as Riccis Memory Palace interested the Chinese and often spawned further interest into the religion Ricci brought with him.10Riccis view of the Chinese is full of contradictions. numerous aspects of Chinese culture and government Ricci respected, such as their dress and level of education the hygiene of the people and the relative order imposed by the Chinese bureaucracy11. At the same time that Ricci praised aspects of Chinese civilization, he abhorred a great deal of Chinese practices. Among these are the corruption rampant throughout China, the worship of heathen religions and their disrespect for human life. Ricci once remarked This country is full of slaves. 12 Most importantly Ricci despised the widespread homosexuality within China13.There are two main reasons for describing R icci as an Orientalist. The first is his reason for macrocosm in China. Ricci sought to convert all of China to Catholicism. He cared little for the established religions in China and sought to impose his Christian faith upon the peoples of China. Ricci once remarked Buddhism violated the very first of the Ten Commandments, and it had not raised moral standards in China despite its two thousand years during which it had been preached.14 Viewing his own faith as superior to any other and existence so disdainful of all others, Ricci can be designate an Orientalist.The second reason for labeling Ricci an Orientalist is his general disdain for all things Chinese. While he may admire certain attributes he generally views everything Western superior for example his disgust with open harlotry in the streets of major Chinese cities. Ricci completely glosses over the fact that prostitution was legal within Rome itself. In fact prostitution within Rome was widespread.Montaigne on visitin g Rome remarked, Taking take aim rides or strolling to view the prostitutes was a major Roman pastime.15 In his criticism of homosexuality, Ricci also ignores the previous acceptation of homosexuality in Europe. Montaigne remarked during his visit too Rome, several marriages between Portuguese males had been celebrated in the church service of St. John a few years before, and that the couples had went to bed and lived together for some time before being arrested and burned at the stake.16 This method of criticizing China while ignoring the fact that the same problems existed within Europe labels Ricci as an Orientalist.Ricci had additional goals beyond simply the conversion of the Chinese. Along with the conversion to Christianity Ricci hope to rebuild China along European lines. Ricci spent a great deal of time extolling the virtues of European civilization, and purity of the Catholic faith17. Ricci hoped to rid China of corruption, create a perfect Christian society, and clean se China of heathen practices such as abstaining from meat year round and homosexuality18. These goals of changing Chinese society certainly label Ricci to be an Orientalist.Father Francis Xavier of the Society of Jesus arrived in Japan in 1549 aboard a Chinese junk. Xavier had many sign difficulties in Japan the first of which being his inability to speak Japanese, and later to understand it. His interpreter caused Xavier many troubles later on due to his using Buddhist names for Christian figures, and forever linking Buddhism to Christianity in the minds of the Japanese19. The other difficulty for Xavier was his misunderstanding of Japanese society. When Xavier first arrived he hoped to convert the king of Japan, by this he meant the Shogun20. But when Xavier met the Shogun he found him to be a man of little importance who could barely fight his own territory, let alone the whole country. Japan was in the period of sengoku, or country at war, and was divided among many feudal lo rds all vying for power. This state of civil war later benefited the Christian missionaries greatly, but initially confused Xavier21.Xavier spent the majority of his time in Japan attempting to convert Japanese daimyo and kokujin to Christianity. He succeeded in a few cases largely due to his link with Portuguese trade ships. Daimyo within Japan were looking for a way to gain advantage over their enemies, and trade with the Portuguese greatly enriched many lords. The Japanese believed that converting to Christianity would give them more favorable trade with the Portuguese, and for this reason many converted22.Xavier can be labeled an Orientalist for two main reasons. The first is his overall goal of converting the heathen Japanese to Christianity. His total disdain for Buddhism is unmingled when he refers to the religion of Dianichi, an invention of the devil, as also were all the other sects of Japan.23 The second reason for labeling Xavier an Orientalist is for his views on homos exuality. Riccis beliefs on homosexuality among Asians stem from Xavier. When Xavier was the head of the Far East mission he state that homosexuality was an evil to be combated in Asia24. For these reasons Xavier is clearly an Orientalist the same as Ricci.For all of their efforts to convert the peoples of China and Japan, neither Ricci nor Xavier succeeded in any significant way. The problems in China were numerous deep seated beliefs in Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism kept many from converting, also the lack of interest by the elite made any character of wide scale conversion impossible. In addition the basic fear of outsiders made the Chinese green-eyed and angry towards the Christian missionaries25. In Japan the eventual consolidation of Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate forced all Christians too abandon their faith. The Tokugawa did not want any opposition to their regime and barred any foreigners from entering Japan. Also deep seated religious beliefs and xenophobia as in China caused few too embrace Christianity. Neither Ricci nor Xavier succeeded in their goal of converting the Far East the task they committed their lives too. One must wonder if they had taken a more open, non Orientalist approach, would they have been more successful?1 Said, Edward W. Orientalism. (New York First vintage Books Edition, October 1979.), 2.2 Ibid, 3.3 Ibid, 33.4 Ibid, 33-36.5 Ibid, 83.6 Manikam, Rajah B. Christianity and the Asian Revolution. (New York Friendship Press, 1954) 185.7 Spence, 73-75.8 Ching, Julia. Confucianism and Christianity. (Tokyo Kodansha International, 1977) 10.9 Hellyer, Robert. Lecture. The Jesuits in Asia. Allegheny College. Meadville, Pa. 11 February 2002.10 Spence, Jonathan D. The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci. (New York Penguin Books, 1985.) 2-511 Ibid, 210.12 Ibid, 219.13 Ibid, 224.14 Ibid, 252.15 Ibid, 208.16 Ibid, 226.17 Ibid, 2-5.18 Ibid, 217.19 Elisonas, Christianity and the Daimyo, (Cambridge History of Japan, volume 4, 301-372.) 3 07-310.20 Ibid, 311.21 Ibid, 312.22 Ibid, 323.23 Ibid, 309.24 Spence, 224.